课件：skinspleen皮肤脾.pptVIP

* * Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Keratinized cells Stratum basale 5 layers : Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum non- Keratinized Melanocytes cells Langerhans cells Merkel’s cells 2. ※Non-keratinized cells (1) Melanocyte（黑素细胞） Location: stratum basale LM: round body, pale-staining cytoplasm long branched processes. melanosome Tyrosine tyrosinase Melanin （黑色素） melanin granule full of melanin Function EM: melanosomes（黑素体） containing tyrosinase（酪氨酸）. Function: produce melanin granules which prevent ultraviolet radiation from damaging skin. (2) Langerhans cells（朗格汉斯细胞）: Location：among spinous cells LM: star-shaped, lobed nucleus. Function: Identify, bind and process and present foreign antigens to lymphocytes. (3) Merkel cells（梅克尔细胞）: Location: among basal cells. Structure: dense granules, chemical synapse formed between the cell base and nerve ending. Function: perception of stimulation /mechanoreceptor. Merkel cell Nerve ending Basal cell Structure related with dermal protection 1. Stratum corneum: cells are dried dead, cytoplasm are full of wear-resisting keratin. 2. Intercellular space is full of lipid substance (lamellar granule contents). 3. Melanocytes produce melanin granules which prevent ultraviolet radiation from damaging skin. 4. Langerhans cells play the role in immune defence. II. Dermis 1. Papillary layer: Loose CT, capillaries, nerve endings. 2. Reticular layer: Dense CT Sweat glands Sebaceous glands Hair follicles Hypodermis III. hair shaft hair root Arrector pili muscle hair follicle hair bulb hair papilla epithelial root sheath connective tissue sheath Skin appendages IV. 1. Hair ?LGR5 and LGR6 indicate different stem-cell populations along