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学习目标 通过本章节的学习，了解超声波探伤及焊缝探伤的无损检测方法。使学生掌握相关的专业词汇，提高学生阅读、理解科技英语的能力。 New Words specimen /?spesImIn/ n. 工件，待试验物 subsurface /?s?b?s\:fIs/ adj. 表面下的，内部的 transducer /tr?nz?dju:s?/ n. 探头，换能器 vibrate /vaI?breIt/ v. 振动，摇摆 trace /treIs/ n. 扫描线 cathode-ray /?k?W?Jd5reI/ n. 阴极射线 oscilloscope /??sIl?sk?Jp/ n. 示波器 videotape /?vIdIEJ?teIp/ n. 录像带 remainder /rI?meInd?/ n. 残余物, 剩余物 Phrases Ultrasonic Examination Ultrasonic examination (UT) is a nondestructive examination method that employs mechanical vibrations similar to sound waves but of a higher frequency. 超声波探伤是一种无损探伤方法，它使用与声波类似但频率更高的机械振动。 A beam of ultrasonic energy is directed into the specimen to be examined. 一束超声波被直接导入被检测的工件， This beam travels through a material with only a small loss, except when it is interpreted and reflected by a discontinuity or by a change in material. 这束超声波除了被材料中的缺陷或者材料的变化中断并且反射外，它在穿过材料时只会有很少的损失。 Ultrasonic examination is capable of finding surface and subsurface discontinuities. The ultrasonic contact pulse reflection technique is used. 超声波探伤能够发现表面缺陷和内部缺陷。超声波探伤利用脉冲反射技术， This system uses a transducer, which changes electrical energy into mechanical energy. The transducer is excited by a high frequency voltage that causes a crystal to vibrate mechanically. 这个系统使用能把电能转换成机械能的探头，探头被高频电压所激励，高频电压会使晶体产生机械振动， The crystal probe becomes the source of ultrasonic mechanical vibrations. 因此晶体探头就产生超声波机械振动， These vibrations are transmitted into the test piece through a coupling fluid. In the test piece, it is reflected back to its point of origin. 这些振动将通过耦合剂被导入试件。在试件中，它将反射回它的起源点， Thus the energy returns to the transducer. The transducer now serves as a receiver for the reflected energy. 因此能量就返回探头，这样探头又担当起反射能量的接收者。 The initial signal or main bang, the returned echoes from the discontinuities, and the echo of the rear surface of the test material are all displayed by a trace on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope. 初始信号或主脉冲信号、从缺陷处和试件底面反射回来的回波信号都会被阴极射线示波器显示器上的扫描线显示出来。 Videotapes may be used for p