JapaneseRailwayHistory-机车车辆专业实用技术!!.docVIP

个人收集整理 仅供参考学习 个人收集整理 仅供参考学习 PAGE / NUMPAGES 个人收集整理 仅供参考学习 Japanese Railway History 3Growth of Independent Technology?Eiichi Aoki Absorbing Foreign Railway Technology Since Japan lacked railway technology, foreign engineers were hired by the Japanese government to work on all aspects of the railway between Tokyo and Yokohama, including direction and supervision of surveying and construction, inspection of imported machinery and materials, train operation and preparing of timetables.?However, Japan already had some engineering knowledge in the Edo period 江户时代that could be applied to用于 railway construction. For example, cutting, embanking, drifting and artesian well自流井construction were widely used. However, these techniques had been deve-loped through long experience and were not based on scientific and mathematical theories. Advanced mathematical theories such as differential and integral calculus 微积分were in use in Japan, but people did not think of applying them to engineering.?Railway construction requires a basic knowledge of mathematics, physics, geology and modern civil engineering. The Engineer Training College established at Osaka Station in May 1877 was Japans first school teaching railway construction, as mentioned提及 in the first article in this series. Graduates participated in construction of the railway between Kyoto and Otsu, 大津including the 646-meter Osakayama Tunnel 大阪山隧道completed in 1880, which was the first mountain tunnel designed and built by Japanese engineers. The Engineer Training College graduates were later engaged in surveying and construction of the Tokaido railway 东海道and other new railways elsewhere. In the 1880s, many graduates from the National College of Technology (which later became the Imperial College of Technology) began playing an active role as railway engineers.In the Edo period, few permanent bridges were built across large rivers, because the river flows tended to change drastically with the season, and wooden bridges w