Linguistics(便于高中英语教师资格 证和英语专业考研使用).pptVIP

Input enhancement. (grammar teaching strategy) This is a technique that simply involves manipulating the L2 input in some way that makes it more likely that learners will notice certain parts of it. For example, in a written text, each occurrence of the past perfect could be underlined, or each indefinite article bolded. There are many studies of input enhancement that show that it has the potential to get learners to pay attention to form while keeping their main focus on the meaning of the input. Input enhancement is almost always done with written text. In our case we used it for listening by digitally manipulating the audiobook and by slightly raising the volume of each occurrence of the passive and adverb placement in the book. Input enhancement (IE) is a concept in second language acquisition. Mike Sharwood Smith coined the term to cover techniques used by researchers to make salient selected features of a language for students such as word order, parts of words that express tense, agreement and number for example, accents, idioms and slang.These techniques aim to draw attention to aspects of a language that have hitherto seemed to have made insufficient impact on the learner. 语篇（discourse）指的是实际使用的语言单位，是交流过程中的一系列连续的语段或句子所构成的语言整体。从功能上来说，它相当于一种交际行为。总的说来，语篇由一个以上的语段或句子组成，其中各成分之间，在形式上是衔接（Cohesion）的，在语义上是连贯（Coherence）的。 语篇教学是相对于以词汇和句子结构为中心的教学而言。语篇可以是对话，也可以是独白，它包括书面语，也包括口语。 linguistic competence deals with the language structure, e.g. grammar, syntax ... etc. Whereas communicative competence is the knowledge of communication. It depends on linguistic competence. The later focus on fluency rather than accuracy. Linguistic competence applies to mastering the combination of sounds, syntax and semantics known as the grammar of a language. This term is distinct from the concept of communicative competence, which determines what is socially appropriate speech. Linguistic competence is part of a larger theory of linguistic behavior known as universal gr