海洋水文要素.ppt

第二章 海洋水文要素 海水化学 —— 海水的组成 —— 海水的盐度、温度和密度 海水运动 　　　 —— 波浪 —— 潮汐 —— 海流 Earth - The Water Planet地球？水球？ All Earth 71% water 29% land Northern Hemisphere 61% water 39% land Southern Hemisphere 81% water 19% land Volume of Water vs. Land Volume of continents above sea level = 1/18 of ocean Average Elevation on continents = 840 m Average depth of ocean = 3800 m Composition of Sea Water 3.5% (by weight) dissolved mineral substances: Cl (55%) Na (30.6%) SO4 (7.7%) Sulfate Mg (3.7%) Ca (1.2%) K (1.1%) Minor constituents (0.7%) Sr, Br, C