被动结构幻灯片.pptVIP

被动语态 一、 被动语态的使用情况 　　被动语态是英语中的两大语态之一，它表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态通常在以下情况下使用：　　（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者。如： 　　It is found that Tom was murdered and the police has taken action to look into the case. 句意为“有人发现汤姆被杀，警方已采取行动调查此事”。显然“谋杀”这个动作的执行者是未知的，此时用被动语态更适宜。 　　（2） 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。如： 　　Fresh fruit is sold in this market. 　　句意为“这个市场出售新鲜水果”。“出售”这个动作的执行者是人人皆知的，没有必要指出具体是　　谁。  （3） 强调动作的承受者。如： 　　“A Tale of Two Cities” was written by Dickens. 　　句意为“《双城记》的作者是狄更斯”。此处“A Tale of Two Cities”是句子的重心，即主语是强调的对象， 但这并不是说by引起的状语不重要，如果把它们去掉，往往句意不完整。 　　（4） 为了句式的变化或句子结构的平衡。如：　　The leader was killed by a terrorist who was arrested immediately after the exploding. 　　句意为“那位领导人被一个恐怖分子杀害了，爆炸事件发生后这个恐怖分子立即被逮捕了”。这句话如果用主动语态表达，整个句子结构就会显得头重脚轻。又如：　　The government is going to build a new school next year and it is going to be built in the poor village. 句意为“明年政府要建一所新的学校，就建在那个贫困村”。如果后一句也用主动语态表达， 前后两个句子的句式相同， 句子结构便显得呆板、啰嗦。  . 被动语态的基本时态变化 　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 　　1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 　　例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 　　3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 　　例A new cinema is being built here． 　　4） was/were done 一般过去时 　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 　　5） had been done 过去完成时 　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 　　例A meeting was being held when I was there. 　　7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 　　例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 　　8） should/would be done 过去将来时 　　例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 　　9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 　　例The project will have been completed before July. 　　10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） 　　例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 　　1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 　　例The baby should be taken go