Pragmatics 语用学学PPT.ppt

PragmaticsShe Hongjunthe School of Foreign Languages and LiteratureAugust, 2012 As to the definition, Levinson(1983) defined the term in his book in title of Pragmatics as follows: 1,Pragmatics is the study of those relations between language and context that are grammaticalised, or encoded in the structure of language. 2, Pragmatics is the study of all those aspects of meaning not captured in a semantic theory. 3, Pragmantics is the study of relations between language and context that are basic to an account of language understanding. 4, Pragmantics is the study of the abilityof language users to pair sentences with the context in which they would be appropriate. 5, Pragmantics is the study deixes (at least in part), implicature, presupposition, speech acts, and aspects of discourse structure. Of the definitions to the term Pragmantics given by Levinson, we can find that each of them focuses on a certain aspect of pragmantics study with limitations. It is no easy job to give an overall definition which can be accepted by specialists in the field throughout in thwe world. Other linguists tried to define the term as Mey(1993)says: Pragmantics is the science of language seen in relation to its users. Thomas (1995)considers pragmantics as meaning in use and meaning in context or meaning in interration. Yule (1996)gives the definition like this: Pragmantics is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by the speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). 语用学 语言运用 语言运用指交际双方在一定的场合，为着一定的目的，以某种方式进行的话语表达和话语理解的活动。 言语交际的过程 编码→发送→传递→接收→解码→反馈 ↑ 代码交际模式 1949年Shannon Weaver 提出通讯的数学理论，对信息传递中的代码模式进行概括： 信源→编码器→ 信道→解码器→宿信 信息 信号 ↑ 接收信号 接收信息 噪音 Sperber Wilson 的模式 思想 声学符号 接收到的声学信号 接收到的思想 ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ 中央思维过程-→ 语言编码器 → 空气 →语言解码器 →中央思维过程 ↑