机械通气原理.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * Heat increases the volume of a gas while the pressure level remains the same. The new volume is a result of the increase in temperature and can be calculated as folllows: Tnew Vnew= ------------------x Vold Told (Temperature has to be expressed in Kelvin degrees it means you have to add 273 to the regular celsius temperature) * Humidification of a gas implies that an additional vapor is added to the mixture. The quantity of water that evaporates depends on the temperature, the higher the temperature the greater the amount of water that evaporates, there are no formulas to express this amount, for this purpose are tables: for instance 37C the percentage of evaporated water is 6,3% of the total gas (at 100% saturation) * This is the law of Boyle-Maritte (do you remember your school days?). PoldVold=PnewVnew, so the new Volume once you apply a pressure is: Vold Pnew=------------------ x Pold Vnew The more pressure you apply the smaller the volume you have * The gas delivered from the ventilator is delivered in NTPD conditions. Evita makes all the caluculations to compensate the effects of temperature, pressure and humidity. The goal is that the set volume is the volume in BTPS in the patients lung, the ventilator has to deliver the correct amount of gas at NTPD conditions. * If we use a test lung and no humidifier, gas in the lung will not be at BTPS conditions, instead it will be at NTPD (for the test lung it is not a problem) at the expiratory side the ventilator will measure gas in condition NTPD instead of NTPS this will lead to a systematic error in the measurement (it means the error is going always to influence the measure in the same direction). The ventilator will detect this difference as a leakage. * Static compliance is measured under conditions of zero flow; therefore the factor of resistance is removed. * * * Evita 4 Vt Beatmungsparameter ver?ndern : entsprechendes Element anw?hlen IPPV Vt 1000 Setting BTPS Display BTPS D