牛津译林版八年级下册被动语态专项练习.docVIP

- PAGE 7 - 八下牛津英语语法讲解与练习被动语态 一、各种时态的被动语态 一般现在时：am／is／are＋动词过去分词 Cars are made by them. 一般过去时：was／were＋动词过去分词 The MP3 was bought by my father. 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋动词过去分词?? The bridge will be completed in ten days.?? 现在完成时：have／has been＋动词过去分词 The meeting has been put off. 二、含有情态动词的被动语态 ? 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如： ? we can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days. We? must finish this work soon. →This work must be done soon. We have to clean the classroom. → The classroom has to be cleaned by us. 三、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题. （1）时态保持一致。 I have repaired my computer.My computer has been repaired.?? （2）如果要说出动作的执行者，并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时，就用by短语，如果后面的词表示地点，不是动作的执行者，就用in短语。 It is made by us. It is made in Wuhan. (3)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式。 He cleaned the car. → The car was cleaned by him. (4)疑问句的被动语态，用be动词的对应形式代替do Does she drive this car? →Is this car driven by her? （5）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。 His best friend often looks after him.??--He is often looked after by his best friend. (6)主动句中有一些动词如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等，带有双宾语，一个是直接宾语（指物），另一个是间接宾语（指人），主动语态变为被动语态时，可以把间接宾语变成主语，保留直接宾语，也可以把直接宾语变为主语，保留间接宾语，但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。 My father gave me a book. →(1)I was given a book by my father. → (2) A book was given to me by my father. She showed me some photos. →(1)I was shown some photos by her. → (2) Some photos were shown to me by her. 注意：有些双宾语动词，如do,pass,sell,send,sing，bring,write等，变为被动语态时，通常以直接宾语作主语，保留间接宾语，其前面根据情况用介词to或for She wrote me a letter. → A letter was written to me by her. 有些双宾语动词如answer,save,envy(羡慕)等，通常以间接宾语作被动语态主语，保留直接宾语。He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him. （7）主动语态句中使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式，但变为被动语态时要加上to，这类的动词有make, have, let, notice， see， watch, look at, ?hear, listen to, feel help等。 Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes.?→ He was made to wash the dishes. I saw