电子商务网站项目管理-云南大学出版社.pdfVIP

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电子商务网站项目管理-云南大学出版社.pdf

EcommerceWebsite ProjectManagement   YUNNANUNIVERSITYPRESS Chapter1 ProjectLifeCycle ·1· Chapter1 ProjectLifeCycle 1 Whatsaproject? Aprojectisatemporaryendeavorundertakentocreateauniqueprod uct,service,orresult.Thetemporarynatureofaprojectindicatesadefinite beginningandend.Theendisreachedwhentheprojectsobjectiveshave beenachievedorwhenitsobjectiveswillnotorcannotbemet ,orwhenthe needfortheprojectnolongerexists.Temporarydoesnotnecessarilymean shortinduration.Temporarynotgenerallyapplytotheproduct,service,or resultcreatedbytheproject;mostprojectsareundertakentocreatealasting outcome.Forinstance,aprojecttobuildanationalmonumentwillcreatea resultexpectedtolastcenturies.Projectscanalsohavesocial,economic, andenvironmentalimpactsthatfaroutlasttheprojectsthemselves. Everyprojectcreatesauniqueproduct,service,orresult.Althoughre petitiveelementsmaybepresentinsomeprojectdeliverables,thisrepetition doesnotchangethefundamentaluniquenessofthepresentworkinsomepro jectdeliverables,Forexample,officebuildingsareconstructedwiththesame orsimilarmaterialsorbythesameteam,buteachlocationisunique—witha differentdesign,differentcircumstancesdifferentcontractors,andsoon. Anongoingworkeffortisgenerallyarepetitiveprocessbecauseitfol lowsanorganizationsexistingprocedures.Incontrast,becauseoftheunique natureofprojects,theremaybeuncertaintiesabouttheproducts,services,or resultsthattheprojectcreates.Projecttaskscanbenewtoaprojectteam, whichnecessitatesmorededicatedplanningthanotherroutinework.Inaddi tionprojectsareundertakenatallorganizationallevels.Aprojectcanin volveasingleperson,asingleorganizationalunit,ormultipleorganizational ·2· EcommerceWebsiteProjectManagement units. Aprojectcancreate:

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