英文法律文书的简明教程.docxVIP

英文法律文书的简明教程 　　逗号的用法是正确运用标点过程中最复杂，最容易产生误解的问题之一。在一些情形中，存在着被广泛接受的用法。然而在另一些情况下，却有不只一种用法。学生常常认为，担心标点的用法有点可笑：毕竟，法律分析才是最重要的呀。但是，假如一个人申请一份工作或向上级提交书面报告，没有什么会比忽视标点运用基本规则更容易给人留下负面印象的了。毕竟，一位高级律师是决不会愿意去更正一位初级律师的逗号的用法的。　　Comma usage is one of the most complex, and most misunderstood, questions of proper punctuation. In some cases there are widely accepted rules governing comma usage; in a few cases, there is more than one acceptable approach. Students often think its silly to worry about things such as punctuation: after all, isnt the legal analysis what really counts? However, when one applies for a job or submits written work to a supervisor, nothing will leave a more negative impression than ignorance of the basic rules of punctuation. After all, the last thing a senior attorney wants to do is correct a junior attorneys comma usage.　　1.　　当你用一个短语或从属分句开始一个句子，并随后引入一个独立分句时，用逗号分隔。　　When you begin a sentence with a phrase or dependent clause to introduce a subsequent independent clause, separate the clauses with a comma.　　Incorrect: After many years as a criminal prosecutor she ascended to the bench.　　Correct: After many years as a criminal prosecutor, she ascended to the bench.　　Incorrect: Because the witness was unavailable the judge allowed the introduction of the testimony pursuant to an exception to the hearsay rule.　　Correct: Because the witness was unavailable, the judge allowed the introduction of the testimony pursuant to an exception to the hearsay rule.　　2. 用逗号分隔非限制性从句，但不要用逗号分隔非限制性从句。　　非限制性从句告诉你关于句子主语的某些事情，但并不对其含义进行限定；相反，限制性从句对主语的含义进行限定。　　Use commas to set off a nonrestrictive clause in the middle of a sentence, but not to set off a restrictive clause. Nonrestrictive clauses tell you something about the subject of a sentence, but they do not limit, or restrict, the meaning. Restrictive clauses, on the other hand, limit the possible meaning of the subject.　　ompare the following examples.　　Correct Restrictive Use:　　The suspect in the lineup who has red hair c