当上帝掷骰子做计算.PDF

當上帝擲骰子做計算 陳柏中 清大物理系 Outline • Introduction • Quantum Circuit and Login • Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) • Shor’s algorithm • Summary 摩爾定律Moores law 如何持續成長？ 微小尺度=量子力學效應？ 危機？轉機？ 先知……… “I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics” There’s Plenty of Room at the Richard P. Feynman, December 29th 1959 When we get to the very, very small worldsay circuits of seven atomswe have a lot of new things that would happen that represent completely new opportunities for design. Atoms on a small scale behave like nothing on a large scale, for they satisfy the laws of quantum mechanics. So, as we go down and fiddle around with the atoms down there, we are working with different laws, and we can expect to do different things. We can manufacture in different ways. We can use, not just circuits, but some system involving the quantized energy levels, or the interactions of quantized spins, etc. 八十年代的先行者 C.H. Bennett G. Brassard D. Deutsch C.H. Bennett, G. Brassard, S. Breidbart, and S. Wiesner “Quantum Cryptography, or Unforgetable Subway Tokens” , 1983. C.H. Bennett and G. Brassard “Quantum Cryptography: Public Key Distribution and Coin Tossing”, 1984. C.H. Bennett, G. Brassard, S. Breidbart, and S. Wiesner, “Eavesdrop-Detecting Quantum Communications Channel”, 1985. D. Deutsch “Quantum theory, the Church-Turing principle and the universal quantum computer”, 1985. 九十年代的大突破 P.W. Shor • P. W. Shor, •“Algorithms for quantum computation: Discrete logarithms and factoring” •Proc. 35nd Annual Symposium on Fo