本科毕业论文外文文献及译文.doc

山东建筑大学毕业论文外文文献及译文 - PAGE 46 - 本科毕业论文 外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目：Global Positioning System 文献、资料来源： /wiki/Global_Positioning_System 文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2009.01.03 院 （部）： 土木工程学院 专 业： 土木工程 班 级： 测绘052 姓 名： 唐海国 学 号： 2005011047 指导教师： 郭秋英 翻译日期： 2009.5.19 外文文献： Global Positioning System The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a HYPERLINK /wiki/Global_navigation_satellite_system \o Global navigation satellite system global navigation satellite system (GNSS) developed by the HYPERLINK /wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense \o United States Department of Defense United States Department of Defense and managed by the HYPERLINK /wiki/United_States_Air_Force \o United States Air Force United States Air Force HYPERLINK /wiki/50th_Space_Wing \o 50th Space Wing 50th Space Wing. It is the only fully functional GNSS in the world, can be used freely, and is often used by civilians for navigation purposes. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS.It uses a HYPERLINK /wiki/Satellite_constellation \o Satellite constellation constellation of between 24 and 32 HYPERLINK /wiki/Medium_Earth_orbit \o Medium Earth orbit medium Earth orbit HYPERLINK /wiki/Satellite \o Satellite satellites that transmit precise HYPERLINK /wiki/Radiowave \o Radiowave radiowave signals, which allow HYPERLINK /wiki/GPS_navigation_device \o GPS navigation device GPS receivers to determine their current HYPERLINK /wiki/Geographic_location \o Geographic location location, the time, and their velocity. Its official name is NAVSTAR GPS. Although NAVSTAR is not an acronym, HYPERLINK /wiki/GPS \l cite_note-0#cite_note-0 \o [1] a