英语人教版八年级下册U10 SectionA Grammar focus.docVIP

Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years. Section A 3 (Grammar focus – 4c) 学习目标： ★ 知识目标 掌握现在完成时的用法 ★ 能力目标 正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时 正确运用for 和since的用法 ★ 情感目标 正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。 ★ 学习过程 Step 1 Group work 出示下面的典型例句，让学生们先自己观察句子结构，对比现在完成时和一般过去时的不同。 1. — How long have you had that bike over there? — I’ve had it for three years. 2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? He’s owned it since his fourth birthday. 3. Have you ever played football? Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now. Step 2 精讲点拨 现在完成时 现在完成时的持续型用法 现在完成时还可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态，该用法中的动词多是延续性动词，常见的时态标志词有since, for等。 1. since意为“自从……以来”, 它既可作介词，也可作连词。作介词时, 后接表示过去的时间点, 表示某事开始的时间；作连词时, 引导时间状语从句, 从句常用一般过去时。如： We have been here since last Sunday / two years ago. Mr. Jones has worked here since he was twenty-five. 2. for作介词，后接一段时间，表示一个动作或一种状态已经持续了多长时间。如： I have studied here for three years. She has been away for five days. 注意： 1.?对since和?for引导的时间状语提问时, 常用how long。如： Jane has learned to play the piano since two years ago.? (对划线部分提问) How long has Jane learned to play the piano? 2.?在现在完成时中，含有for和since的句子可以相互转换。如： They have lived here for five years. =They have lived here since five years ago. 3.?在现在完成时中，表示短暂意义的动词(如come和see)在肯定句和一般疑问句中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但在否定句中是可以的。如： Mike has come to London for three weeks. (×) They haven’t seen each other for ages. (√) 短暂性(短语)动词与延续性(短语)动词 和与表示状态的短语之间的转化 1.?有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为相应的延续性(短语)动词。常见的有： become?→?be??? borrow?→?keep? buy?→?have / own??? catch a cold?→?have a cold come?→?stay??? put on?→?wear go to sleep?→?sleep? move to?→?live in 2.?有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为表示状态的短语。常见的有： leave?→?be away??? begin / start?→?be on die?→?be dead??? finish?→?be over join?→?be in / be a member of fall asleep?→?be asleep??? marry?→?be married? come / arrive here?→?be here Step 3 Work on 4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since 1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three years ago