《计算机图形学》课件教案.pptVIP

Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (4)法矢量：与切矢量垂直的矢量为法矢量 主法矢量N：由单位切矢量的导数矢量确定 参数曲线的定义及其切矢量、法矢量、曲率和挠率 从（副）法矢量B:T与N的叉积矢量 T、N、B构成了一个直角坐标架 曲线上任何一点都有一个直角坐标架。 Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * 参数曲线的定义及其切矢量、法矢量、曲率和挠率 T、N构成的平面称为密切平面 N、B构成的平面称为法平面 B、T构成的平面称为从切平面（化直平面） Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (5)挠率? ：参数曲线从法矢量的变化率，取正值 。 参数曲线的定义及其切矢量、法矢量、曲率和挠率 曲线为平面曲线的充要条件为，挠率?恒为0。 Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (1)插值（interpolation）:过给定的型值点 线性插值：给定两点(x1,y1),(x2,y2) 插值、逼近、拟合和光顺 Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (1)插值（interpolation）:过给定的型值点 三角形线性插值：三角形内一点是其三个顶点的线性组合。r+s+t=1 插值、逼近、拟合和光顺 Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (1)插值（interpolation）:过给定的型值点 抛物线插值：用二次多项式进行插值，又称二次插值 给定三点(x1,y1) ,(x2,y2) ,(x3,y3) 插值、逼近、拟合和光顺 Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (1)插值（interpolation）:过给定的型值点 n次多项式插值：用n次多项式进行插值 给定n+1点(x0,y0) ,(x1,y1) ,(x2,y2)…(xn,yn) 插值、逼近、拟合和光顺 Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (2)逼近（Approximation）:最佳接近型值点 给定n+1点(x0,y0) ,(x1,y1) ,(x2,y2)…(xn,yn)，要求构造一个m（mn）次多项式y=f(x)逼近这些点。 通常采用最小二乘法。 各点偏差平方和最小 插值、逼近、拟合和光顺 加权方差最小 Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (2)逼近（Approximation）:最佳接近型值点 插值、逼近、拟合和光顺 对上式关于aj求导， 令 则 m+1个方程，有m+1个未知系数aj Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (3)拟合（fit）:用插值或逼近法达到设计要求。 插值、逼近、拟合和光顺 Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (4)光顺（smoothness）:光滑顺眼。减少曲线的拐点. 对于平面曲线，相对光顺的条件为： 具有二阶几何连续性 不存在多余拐点和奇异点 曲率变化较小 插值、逼近、拟合和光顺 Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (1)代数形式 一条三次参数曲线的代数形式为： 参数曲线的代数形式和几何形式 Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (2)几何形式 用端点坐标、切矢量、曲率、挠率等表示的曲线 参数曲线的代数形式和几何形式 分别为端点矢量以及端点的切矢量 Created by Peizhong Yang,School of Mechanical Engineering,SJTU * (3)矩阵形式 参数曲线的代数形式和几何形式 代数形式的矩阵表示 几何形式的矩阵表示 代数