国际经济贸易.docVIP

International economic cooperation is an activity undertaken by means of direct transfer and rational re-composing of production factors among countries. Various forms of international economic cooperation may mainly involve International Project Contracting, International Labor Service Cooperation and International Development Assistance, International Leasing and International Tourism etc. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. WTO aim provisions宗旨 Recognizing that their relations in the field of trade and economic endeavor should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand, and expanding the production of trade in goods and services, while allowing for the optional use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development, seeking both to protect and reserve the environment and to enhance the means for doing so in a manner consistent with their respective needs and concerns at different levels of economic development. WTO essential functions are:? ----administering and implementing the multilateral and plural-lateral trade agreements which together make up the WTO; ---acting as a forum for multilateral trade negotiations; ---seeking to resolve trade disputes; ---overseeing national trade policies; and ---cooperating with other international institutions involved in global economic policy-making. Principles of the trading system Trade without discrimination非歧视贸易原则 ⑴ Most-favoured-nation (MFN): treating other people equally?最惠国待遇（原则）???? ?Under the WTO agreements, countries cannot norma