光纤声光测距系统中微弱信号的传感检测-光学工程专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 光纤声光测距技术是一种传统而实用的非接触式测量方法，和激光、涡流和无线 电测距方法相比，具有不受外界光及电磁场等因素影响的优点，在比较恶劣的环境中 也具有一定的适应能力，且结构简单，成本低，因此在工业控制、建筑测量、机器人 定位方面得到了广泛的应用。 光纤声光检测技术是目前国际上智能结构与健康检测研究领域中的热点问题之 一。本文简述了国内外光纤传感技术应用于声发射检测研究的进展情况；利用 FFT（Fast Fourier Transform，简称 FFT）方法实现了对声发射检测信号的识别；讨论 Mach-Zehnder 光纤干涉仪用于声光检测的基本原理与实现方案；对上述光纤声光测距系统应用于油 井深度的测量领域进行了理论研究。由于光纤声光测距系统是通过对微弱信号的检测 处理来获取外部作用的，因此，光纤的特性、光波信号的特点，以及光纤特性对光波 信号的影响都对光纤声光测距系统的性能具有很大作用。 声光测距系统中的信号为淹没在强噪声中的微弱光电信号。完成对信号的采集和 处理是设计声光测距系统电路的最基本条件。由于高灵敏声光测距系统在测量深度上 的特殊极限要求，使得常规设计方法在声光测距系统的实现存在一定的困难。为此， 采用 Mach-Zehnder 光纤干涉仪进行双光束干涉，测量相位差，并采用相关检测原理基 于 DSP 设计了一种光电信号强度检测的方法，特别是针对背景噪声较大的微弱光电信 号，具有很高的灵敏度。 关键词：相关检测 MZ 型干涉式光纤传感器 微弱信号检测 相位调制 膜片式传感探头 II II ABSTRACT Fiber optical ultrasonic detection technique is a traditional and practical non-contact measurement method. And compared with laser, eddy current and radio method, which has simple structure and low cost, used for measure range, it has the merit of not subject to external optical and electrical impact, and even in the bad environment, it also has a certain resilience, so in the industrial control, building surveying and the robot position it’s to be widely used. Fiber optical ultrasonic detection technique is one of the focus issues in the field of smart structure and health monitoring. In this thesis, the development of acoustic detecting using fiber optic sensing techniques in recent years are overviewed. Based on the experimental setup, the detected acoustic emission signals are analyze by the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) method, which can implements frequency identification. In this work, Mach-Zehnder interferometer FOG has been constructed for acoustic emission detecting. In this way fiber acousto-optic measuring system can be used for measuring the depth of wells field. The method of FOG to detect outer angle-velocity is by capture slender photoelectric signals, so the characters of fiber and optic signal and the influence of fiber’s character in optic signals have great effect on FOG’s perform