光合细菌修复铅镉及呋喃丹复合污染土壤的研究环境工程专业论文.docxVIP

中北大学学位论文 中北大学学位论文 对土壤微生物群落 DNA 序列的组成影响最大。受镉、铅和呋喃丹单一或复合污染的土 壤微生物群落 DNA 序列多样性都有不同的程度的增加。结果还表明，镉、铅和呋喃丹 复合污染对土壤微生物的影响比单一污染严重。在单一污染和复合污染中加入光合细菌 后，加入菌的污染土壤微生物群落 DNA 多样性指数会比不加菌的污染土壤更接近对照 土壤。加入菌污染土壤与对照土壤的相似系数要高于不加菌的污染土壤与对照土壤。这 说明，光合细菌能改善受污染的土壤微生物群落 DNA 序列多样性。 （5）根据土壤中铅、镉及呋喃丹复合污染的正交实验结果，再结合实际的实验环 境条件，设定了铅、镉及呋喃丹复合污染的盆栽试验条件，经过 1 个月的盆栽试验，最 终取样测样，可以得知：①当 Cd 为 20mg/kg，Pb 为 100mg/kg 和呋喃丹为 25mg/kg 的 复合污染浓度时，小白菜对镉、铅的吸收作用最强强，油菜对镉的吸收作用最弱，茼蒿 对铅的吸收作用最弱。对照组油菜呋喃丹富集系数最大 16.1%，小白菜最小 10.4%，水 萝卜为 13.3%，茼蒿为 11.5%；加菌组水萝卜呋喃丹富集系数最大 6.1%，小白菜最小 4.8%， 油菜为 5.7%，茼蒿为 5.2%；②当 Cd 为 10mg/kg，Pb 为 500mg/kg 和呋喃丹为 50mg/kg 的复合污染浓度时，对照组镉的富集系数：水萝卜油菜小白菜茼蒿，铅的富集系数： 小白菜水萝卜油菜茼蒿。而加菌组镉、铅富集系数高低分别为：水萝卜小白菜油 菜茼蒿，小白菜水萝卜油菜茼蒿。呋喃丹的富集系数在对照组中茼蒿最大 19.3%， 水萝卜最小 14.4%，油菜为 17.5%，小白菜为 16.4%；在加菌组中油菜最大 9.6%，小白 菜最小 7.1%，水萝卜为 8.2%，茼蒿为 8.9%。 关键词：铅，镉，呋喃丹，光合细菌，复合污染，生物可利用性，DNA 序列多样性， 土壤酶活性，富集系数 Study on the improvement of the soil contaminated by lead, cadmium and carbofuran compound pollution using photosynthetic bacteria Abstract The effect on the species distribution o f heavy metals lead and cadmium and the degradation of carbofuran by photosynthetic bacteria was studied. The results showed that photosynthetic bacteria reduced the bioavailability of lead and cadmium and increased the degradation of carbofuran significantly. The effect of soil enzyme activity and the number of microorganisms by photosynthetic bacteria was studied. The results indicated that photosynthetic bacteria activated the activity of soil enzyme and improved the number of microorganisms. Under the laboratory conditions, the orthogonal experiment of lead, cadmium and carbofuran compound pollution was studied. The results of a pot experiment showed that photosynthetic bacteria lowered the accumulation of pollutants in vegetables and improved crop quality. The main conclusions were as follows: At different pH, temperature and bacterial concentration, photosynthetic bacteria affected five species distribution of lead and cadmium in soil at different levels. ①When pH