靶控输注技术和静脉麻醉.ppt

* If we want to take into account the time lag between plasma concentration change and effect, we can adapt our pharmacokinetic model by adding an effect-site compartment with a negligible distribution volume, but with a rate constant Keo, that is an indicator for the speed of redistribution between the blood and the effect-site compartment. The keo can be calculated for each drug for which we have a measure of the effect. 异丙酚、咪达唑仑、硫喷妥钠输注1h停药,t1/2cs分别为10min、30min、75min;输注3h停药,t1/2cs分别为15min、50min、100min; * 靶控输注技术和静脉麻醉 2019-07-04 静脉给药方法:单次和重复静脉注射 效应室浓度 血浆浓度 治疗窗(Therapeutic Window) 不能维持麻醉药的有效浓度;重复给药血药浓度波动大;药物的血浆浓度与效应室浓度不能达到满意的平衡状态 静脉给药方法:持续静脉注射 单次+ 持续静脉给药 治疗窗(Therapeutic Window) 持续静脉给药 达稳态血浆浓度需4 ~ 5个半衰期,随输注时间延长,清除速率减慢,血药浓度逐渐升高产生蓄积作用,难以根据病人反应和手术刺激强度随时调节血药浓度 静脉麻醉的理想给药方式 起效快、维持平稳、恢复迅速 使用简便 、给药精确、可控性好 实现个体化给药 目标:达到预期和满意的药物作用和时间过程 静脉给药方法:靶控输注 1. 靶控输注:Target Controlled Infusion, TCI 2. 以药代动力学和药效动力学原理为基础 3. 以血浆和效应室的药物浓度为指标 4. 由计算机控制给药输注速率的变化 5. 按临床需要调节麻醉、镇静和镇痛深度 静脉给药方法:靶控输注(TCI) 迅速达到稳定的目标浓度 根据需要随意调节,简便,精确,可控 保持血浆浓度和效应室浓度的平衡 治疗窗 靶控输注的优、缺点 优点: 不再以剂量为调整指标,而是直接调整靶浓度 复杂的数学运算由计算机来完成 停药时的靶浓度可以用来预计清醒时间 缺点: 群体药代参数 vs 个体药代参数 围术期生理条件的改变 药物的多态性 不能实现血药浓度的实时监测 全凭静脉麻醉 (Total intravenous anesthesia, TIVA) TIVA:仅以静脉麻醉药物完成的麻醉 静脉麻醉药 + 麻醉性镇痛药 + 肌松药 TIVA靶控输注尤其适用于手术时间短,而手术刺激强度大且变化迅速的手术,例如腹腔镜手术、支撑喉镜下手术、门诊日间手术等 The central compartment (V1 ) represents a distribution volume and includes the rapidly mixing portion of the blood and first-pass pulmonary uptake. The peripheral compartments are composed of tissues and organs that show a time course and extent of drug accumulation (or dissipation) different from that of the central compartment. In the three-compartment model, the two peripheral compartments may correspond roughly to splanchnic and muscle tissue (rapidly equilibrating) and fat stores (slowly equilibrating). 效应室 effect keo V 1 V 2 V 3 k 12 k 21 k 13 k 31 DOSIS k 10 几个有用的药代-药效学概念 ke0与t1/2ke0 药物的ke0 越大,其t1/2ke0越小,说明该药物峰值效应出现快 T1/2cs:持续输注后半衰期,时-量相关半衰期 反映效应室药物的清除速率,用于预测麻醉后的恢复时间 T1/2cs

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