贝克的认知治疗法.docxVIP

贝克的认知治疗法 My present notion of cognitive therapy is that it is based on a theory of psychopathology (information processing model), and the techniques that are utilized are those that can help to ameliorate the dysfunctional aspects of the individual’s beliefs, interpretations, and avoidance behaviors, as well as dysfunction in attention and memory. Thus, in a given case, at a given time, the therapist might choose to focus on the beliefs, misinterpretations, safety behaviors, selective focus or selective attentional inhibitions, aberrations in memory, or defects in executive function. The selections of interventions will vary according to what seems to be most feasible for a given patient, and also, the therapist’s particular skills. Basically, the therapeutic armamentarium that is available will be utilized selectively. In general, however, the main thrust of the therapy will be to modify the dysfunctional cognitive processing. HYPERLINK /psych/action-tag-tagname-%C0%ED%C2%DB.html \t _blank 理论依据 HYPERLINK /psych/action-tag-tagname-%B1%B4%BF%CB.html \t _blank 贝克(Beck)发展出来的认知 HYPERLINK /psych/action-tag-tagname-%D6%CE%C1%C6.html \t _blank 治疗法的基本论点与理性行为治疗法有许多相似处。认知治疗法和理性行为治疗法都是主动的、指导的、有时间限制及有结构性的治疗法(Beck,Rush,Shaw Emery,1979)。这是一种洞察治疗法，强调认知以及改变负面的思考与不适当的信念。贝克的方法的理论论点是，人们的感觉与行为取决于他们如何建构其经验。他的研究工作独立于艾里斯，但两者对于协助当事人了解与放弃 HYPERLINK /psych/action-tag-tagname-%D7%D4%CE%D2.html \t _blank 自我挫败认知的目标是一样的。贝克与艾里斯曾交换过彼此的意见，贝克推崇艾里斯引进「人们的信念是可以理解的」的基本观念，以及甚至能说服怀疑者相信「认知因素是改变感受与行为的一条途径」;艾里斯则推崇贝克思想极为清晰，研究工作对于 HYPERLINK /psych/action-tag-tagname-%D0%C4%C0%ED.html \t _blank 心理治疗有很大的贡献(Weishaar,1993)。艾里斯推崇贝克及其学生，对于功能不良的信念及如何改变这些信念使产生疗效，已进行了相当卓越的研究工作，并收集相当有价值的研究资料(personal communication,1994)。 贝克提出 HYPERLINK /psych/action-tag-tagname-%C7%E9%D0%F7.html \t _blank 情绪困扰的认知模式，基本理论是:若要了解情绪困扰的本质，必须把焦点放在个人对于引发困扰的事件的反应或想法(DeRubeis Beck,1988)。其目标在于改变当事人借助自动化的想法而形成其转发上的基模(schema)，并开始推动改造基模的构想。(译制:有关基模一词及其相关研究，请参考拙译《 HYPERLINK /psych/action-tag-tagname-%C9%E7%BB%E1%D0%C4%C0%ED%D1%A7.html \t _blank