美国文学史选读整理第一部分殖民地时期的文学.docxVIP

第一部分 殖民地时期的文学 17世纪 历史文化背景 17世纪早期，英国人最终在弗吉尼亚Virginia和马萨诸塞Massachusetts定居，奠定了人们熟知的美国主流文化的基础 The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. New England: 美国东北部地区，范围包括缅因州，新罕布什尔，佛蒙特，马萨诸塞，罗得岛和康涅狄格。1614年由英国人John Smith命名。 Jamestown: 北美洲英国第一个永久性殖民地，建于1607.5.14.这里最先种植烟草，建立了大陆上第一个代议制政府（1619），运进第一批非洲奴隶，建立了美洲第一个圣公会教堂。 John Smith William Byrd II:文学巨匠，《分界线的历史》 Thomas Jefferson: 政治型学者，美国第三任总统，《独立宣言》的主要起草人，《英属美洲权利概述》（1774）：英国国会无权为殖民地制定法律；《弗吉尼亚笔记》：种族问题。 美国第一位作家：Captain John Smith A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony1608 A Map of Virginia1612（第二本书，共出版了8本书,部分记载了关于新英格兰的事） General History of Virginia1624 有关于酋长之女波卡洪特斯Pocahontas的故事 早期新英格兰文学： 勤劳hard work、节俭thrift、虔诚piety、节制sobriety The Puritans had come to New England for the sake of religious freedom, while Virginia had been planted mainly as a commercial venture. 清教传教士：John Cotton约翰·科登，Cotton Mather科登·马瑟 William Bradford and John Winthrop Plymouth: 普利茅斯，北美第二个英国殖民地，1620五月花号抵达地 威廉·布拉德福德（1590-1657）：The History of Plymouth Plantation(普利茅斯开发史) From my years young in days of youth那时我青春年少懵懂无知 God did make known to me His Truth上帝眷顾教我真理 And call’d me from my native place蒙他召唤我离开家乡 For to enjoy the Means of Grace矢志追寻他的荣光 In wilderness He did me guide苍茫大地他给我指引 And in strange lands for me provide陌生土地终归我统领 …… As Pilgrim passed I to and fro.我作为清教徒而来，我作为清教徒而去 约翰·温思罗普（1588-1649）：The History of New England(新英格兰史) 清教徒的思想 As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs and practices. The Puritan was a “would-be purified.” The Puritans wished to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology. Separatists—they wished to break free from the Church of England. Emphasize the image of a wrathful God and to forget his mercy. Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor 清教