7 纳米世界介绍——纳米化学nanochemistry.pptVIP

Nanochemistry Lecture Outline Nanochemistry on Surfaces Surface Chemistry with the STM Atomic Scale Chemical Analysis Pathways to molecular engineering NanoChemistry in Catalysis Computing with Molecules 1. 表面纳米化学 The application of a bias voltage between the tip of a scanning probe microscope and a semiconductor surface modifies the bandstructure locally. At a certain bias threshold the redoxpotential of an electrochemical reaction is reached and thus a local surface reaction may get possible. This idea is demonstrated on metaldichalcogenides (e.g. WSe2) under ambient conditions. At a tip material dependent bias threshold, the surface is etched locally. It is thought that this is a consequence of a water splitting reaction in an adsorbed water film, where nascent oxygen and hydrogen ions are formed. The oxygen modifies the surface towards soluble oxides. Thus nanostructuring can be achieved by applying potential to the tip of scanning probe microscopes. Due to the sharp threshold the bias voltage controls the modification of the surface and allows such switching between surface modification and surface mapping. Nanochemistry on Surfaces Demonstration of the nanostructuring capabilities Surface Chemistry with the STM Adsorbed several C6H5I molecules resting on a terraced Cu substrate at 20 K. Pried them apart into iodine and phenyl (C6H5) by injecting electrons from the STM tip (a). Used the tip to pull the iodine away (b and c) and draw the phenyl molecules closer together (d). Bonding the two by adding another shot of electrons (e). To prove that the phenyls were chemically joined, they pulled one, and the other followed (f). Atomic Scale Bond Breaking Nanochemistry Atomic EngineeringScientific American: December 1999 The Art of Atom Manipulation: from IBM to Quantum Corral and Quantum Mirage Fe/Cu(111) M.F. Crommie, C.P. Lutz, D.M. Eigler Science 262 (1993) 218 2. 纳米尺度的化学分析 Atomic Scale Chemical Analysis (a) STM i