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状语从句
状语从句在句中作状语,可分为:时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式状语从句。
一、 时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有: when, as, while, until, not ?until, before, after, since, the minute, the moment, each( every, next, the first) time 等。时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过
去时。
1. When , while, as 都可解释为“当 ```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。
1) When
Eg: When I arrived home , I had a little rest.
注意点:
when 从句的主语与主句主语相同,谓语动词是 be 动词时,从句主语和
Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher.
2) As
As 除了表示“当 ```的时候”,还可表示为“一面 ``` 一面”,“随着”
Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面 ```一面 )
You will grow wiser as you grow older.( 随着 )
3) While 表示“当 ``` 的时候” 强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,
be 可以省略。
从句一般用进行时,
从句动词必须是延续性动词。
Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest.
While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused.
注意点:
while 有对比的含义,解释为“然而” 。
eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee.
2. until, not ? until 表示“直到 ```才” ,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词;在否定句中主句
常用短暂性动词。
肯定句: I waited until midnight.
否定句: I did not leave until midnight.
注意点:
1) not until 在?句首,主句用倒装
eg: Not until you had explained how did I manage to do it.
2) It is not until ?导引that的强?调句
It was not until it was dark that he came back.
3. the minute, the moment, each time 都可表示“一 ``` 就 ```”
eg: The worker recognized the type of the machine the moment he saw it.
注意点:
the minute, the moment, each ( every, next, the first) time 作连词不和 when 连用。
4. Hardly/scarcely ? when, no sooner ? than, as 表soon示为as“一 ```就 ``` ” eg: I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
It began to rain as soon as I got home.
注意点: Hardly/scarcely ?when, no sooner ?than位于句首,主句用倒装
eg: Had I hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
二 条件状语从句
条件状语从句分为两大类: 真实条件句和虚拟条件句。 引导条件状语从句的连词有: if, even
if/though, unless/ if ? not, as long as/ so long as, as far as/so farvided/providingas, (that), on condition that 等。条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时。
unless 和 if ? not unless 相当于 if ? not
eg: You will fail unless you study har
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