高中英语定语从句知识点及练习.docxVIP

高中英语 定语从句 一 定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词 之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 when, where, why 等 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that 等。它们分别代替前面的先 行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语， 可省略， 在口语或非正式文体中常可用  who  来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. that 指人时， 相当于 who 或 whom ；指物时， 相当于 which. 。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? The season that/which comes after spring is summer.  、 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn  ’tfit her very well. whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 1 Practice makes perfect! 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三 “介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时， 可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间 （ that, who 不可以）， 也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 注 意 ： 1. 含 有 介 词 的 短 语 动 词 一 般 不 拆 开 ， 介 词 仍 放 在 短 语 动 词 的 后 面 。 如 ： look for, look after, take care of 等。 介词后的关系代词不可用that 和 who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用 whom 指物时只可用 which ；关系代词是所有格时用 whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. 3. “ 介词 +关系代词” 前还可有 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词 或者数词。如： He loves his parents deeply, both of