瑞安方言单双音节声学分析-ZiLin.PDF

瑞安方言单、双音节声学分析 北京大学中国语言文学系 林 子 摘 要：声调是汉语的重要特征，因此，声调研究成为了汉语研究中非常关键的一环，而研 究各个方言中的声调又是了解汉语声调的重要途径。本研究选择以温州方言中的瑞安瓯语 （简称“瑞安话”）作为声学研究的对象，从语音的物理性质角度出发，对声调变化进行声 学特征分析，旨在描写出客观的声学数据，提供瑞安方言各个声调的声学特征数据，为瑞安 方言声调调值的确定提供科学和系统的数据支持；对于双音节词，考察在不同使用环境中的 具体声调变体，为瑞安方言的双音节词变调规律提供数据说明。通过本文的研究，结合实验 所得到的数据，最终确定了瑞安方言中共有 8 个单音节声调和 27 个双音节声调，其中单音 节声调的调值分别为：33、453、51、323、31、14、22、212。 关键词：声调研究；瑞安方言；声学分析；单音节；双音节；变调规律 Acoustic Analysis on the Monosyllable and Disyllable of Rui’an Dialect Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Peking University Zi Lin Abstract: Tone is an important feature of Chinese Languages. Therefore, studies on tone have become a very important part of Chinese language studies, and exploring the tones in various Chinese dialect is a critical way to understand Chinese tones. This paper focuses on Rui ’an dialect, which is one of the Wenzhounese, as the object of acoustic research. From the perspective of the physical properties of pitches, we analyze the acoustic characteristics of tong changes in order to describe the real acoustic data and provide the acoustic features of each tone. As for the disyllable, we examine the specific pitch variants in different phonetic environments, as to provide data support for tone change patterns. Through this research, we consider the statistics from our experiment and illustrate that there are totally 8 monosyllabic tones and 27 disyllabic tones in Rui’an dialect, where the values of monosyllabic tones are 33, 453, 51, 323, 31, 14, 22 and 212. Key words：tone studies; Rui ’an dialect; acoustic analysis; monosyllable; disyllable; tone change patterns 1 一、引言 每一种语言都有一定的语调，音节的高低升降具有辨别词汇意义、语法意义的功能的成 为有声调的语言。全世界大约有几千种语言，声调语言占其中少数。非洲、大洋洲北部及每 周印第安部分语言也有声调，但却不像东亚地区汉藏语系语言这样声调历史悠久、数目发达、 辨义功能丰富。可以看出，声调是汉藏语言的