初中英语被动语态讲解(20190412102355).pdf

一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态由 be＋过去分词构成， be 随时态 的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done ( 过去分词 ) 一般现在时 例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2 ） has /have been done 现在完成时 例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 3 ） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例 A new cinema is being built here ． 4 ） was/were done 一般过去时 例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5 ） had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6 ） was/were being done 过去进行时 例 A meeting was being held when I was there. 7 ） shall/will be done 一般将来时 例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8 ） should/would be done 过去将来时 例 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 9 ） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例 The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋ be ＋过去分词。 例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语 变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词 +宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的 主语，其余不动。 例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4 ）在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结 构时，要加 to 。 例 Someonesaw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也 可以用于被动结构，