Lipidmetaboism脂类代谢.ppt

10.Lipid metabolism Huangxiao Linyi university Key notes Structures and roles of fatty acids Fatty acid breakdown Fatty acid synthesis Triacylglycerols 10.1 Structures and roles of fatty acids Fatty acids have a long hydrocarbon chain with a terminal carboxylic acid group.Most fatty acids have an even number of carbon atoms in an unbranched chain.Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the carbon atoms,whereas mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds. Fatty acids have four major biological roles: 1)They are components of membranes(glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids) 2)Several proteins are covalently modified by fatty acids. 3)They act as energy stores(triacylglycerols) and fuel molecules. 4)Fatty acid derivatives serve as hormones and intracellular second messengers. 10.2 Fatty acid breakdown Overview Activation Transport into mitochondria β-oxidation pathway Energy yield Ketone bodies 1.overview Fatty acid breakdown brings about the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids.The fatty acids are first converted to their acyl coenzyme A derivatives and then degraded by the successive removal of two-carbon units from the end of the fatty acid as acetyl CoA. 2.Fatty acid activation 4.β-Oxidation pathway Oxidation(by FAD) Hydration Oxidation(by NAD+) Thiolysis 5.Energy yield(C16:0) Palmitoyl CoA + 7FAD+7NAD+ + 7CoA-SH + 7H2O→ 8 acetyl CoA + 7FADH2 + 7(NADH + H+) 6.Ketone bodies Acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutytate and acetone are called ketone bodies. They are produced in the liver and provide an alternative supply of fuel for the brain under starvation conditions or in diabetes. 10.3 Fatty acid synthesis Overview Transport into the cytosol The pathway 1. Overview Fatty acid synthesis involves the condensation of two-carbon units,in the form of acetyl CoA,to form long hydrocarbon chains in a series of reactions. 2.Transport into the cytosol Since fatty acid synthsis takes place in the cytosol,the acetyl CoA produced from pyruvate