肋骨骨折内固定术前术后护理.pptxVIP

肋骨骨折内固定术前术后护理 定义肋骨骨折是指骨折的完整性和连续性中断，是最常见的胸部损伤。肋骨骨折可分为单根或多跟肋骨骨折，同一肋骨也可有一处或多处骨折。骨折多见于第4~7肋，因其长而薄，最易折断。病因外来暴力：多数肋骨骨折系外来暴力所致。外来暴力又分为直接和间接两种。直接暴力系打击力直接作用于骨折部位，间接暴力则是胸部前后受挤压而导致的骨折。病理因素：多见于恶性肿瘤发生肋骨转移的病人或严重骨质疏松者。此类病人可因咳嗽、打喷嚏或病灶肋骨处轻度受力而发生骨折。临床表现症状：骨折部位疼痛，深呼吸、咳嗽或者体位改变时加重；部分病人可有咯血。多根多处肋骨骨折者可出现气促、呼吸困难、发绀或休克等。体征：受伤胸壁肿胀，可有畸形；局部压痛；有时可触及骨折断端和骨摩擦感；多根多处肋骨骨折者，伤处可有反常呼吸活动，部分病人可有皮下气肿。辅助检查胸部X线检查可显示肋骨骨折的断裂线或断端错位、血气胸等，但不能显示前胸肋软骨折断征象。手术治疗术前护理：1、术前禁食8~12小时，禁水4~6小时。2、密切监测生命体征、神志、胸腹部活动以及气促、发绀、呼吸困难等情况。3、减轻疼痛，必要时给予止痛药。4、心理护理手术治疗术后护理：1、生命体征监护，根据病情监测生命体征，观察胸廓起伏，口唇甲床色泽，血氧饱和度，如出现呼吸浅快、心率增快、烦躁不安、紫绀等异常现象应及时报告医生，给予相应处理。2、术后遵医嘱给予持续鼻导管或面罩吸氧3、指导患者深呼吸及有效咳嗽，痰液粘稠不易咳出给予雾化吸入手术治疗4、疼痛护理：向患者解释疼痛的原因，给予舒适体位，指导患者咳嗽时用手按压伤口以减轻伤口张力，并教会患者掌握减轻疼痛的技巧（缓慢呼吸、听音乐、常规使用药物止痛）5、饮食护理：早期宜以清淡的流质、半流质为主，忌油腻，生冷，酸辣等食物，中期疼痛减轻鼓励患者进食，给予富含营养、易消化、逐渐增加补益的食物，促进伤口愈合康复指导指导患者深呼吸吹气球等，锻炼肺活量。出院一个月后复查X光三个月内避免提拉重物及从事重体力活注意饮食调节，保证有充足的蛋白质、维生素等营养物质的消化吸收保持良好心态，保证充足休息和睡眠，禁止吸烟FREE PPT TEMPLATESINSERT THE TITLEOF YOUR PRESENTATION HEREALLPPT.com _ Free PowerPoint Templates, Diagrams and Charts Click to add titleFree PPT Templates - Widescreen(16:9)This PowerPoint Template has clean and neutral design that can be adapted to any content and meets various market segments. With this many slides you are able to make a complete PowerPoint Presentation that best suit your needs. This PowerPoint Template has clean and neutral design that can be adapted to any content and meets various market segments. With this many slides you are able to make a complete PowerPoint Presentation that best suit your needs.This PowerPoint Template has clean and neutral design that can be adapted to any content and meets various market segments. With this many slides you are able to make a complete PowerPoint Presentation that best suit your needs.Click to add titleFree PPT Templates - Widescreen(16:9)This PowerPoint Template has clean and neutral design that can be adapted to any content and meets various market segments. With this many slides you are able to make a complete PowerPoint Pre