《管理学原理》英文版第四章.pptVIP

Stated goals are official statements of what an organization says, and what it wants its stakeholders to believe, its goals are. However, stated goals are often conflicting and influenced by what various stakeholders think organizations should do * When the hierarchy of organizational goals is clearly defined, it forms an integrated network of goals, or a means-ends chain. Higher-level goals (or ends) are linked to lower-level goals, which serve as the means for their accomplishment. In other words, the goals achieved at lower levels become the means to reach the goals (ends) at the next lev