Morals,ApesandUs道德、猿与我们(MarcD.Hauser马克D·豪泽).docxVIP

批自：英语泛读教程A female gorilla was seen helping an unconscious 3-year-old boy. Why did she do that? Did she feel empathy? Can animals learn to share, cooperate, punish, and show empathy? The following article tries to answer such questions.有人看见一只雌性的大猩猩救助一个不省人事的3岁男童。她为什么那样做？她是否也有同理心？动物能学会共享、合作、惩罚，以及表示出同理心？下面的这篇文章试图回答这个问题。Nearly four years ago, a visitor to Brookfield Zoo, outside Chicago, captured an extraordinary event on video. A 3-year-old boy fell into a gorilla enclosure and was knocked unconscious. Within moments, Binti Jua, a female gorilla, approached, picked up the unconscious boy, and cradled him in her arms. Then she walked over and gently put the boy down in front of the caretakers door. The event captured the nations heart as newspaper headlines blared: Gorilla Saves Boy.将近四年前，一个芝加哥郊外布鲁克菲尔德动物园的游客，用摄像机拍下了一个令人惊讶的事情。一个3岁的男孩掉进了大猩猩的 围场里，失去了知觉。一会儿，宾蒂·朱叶，一只雌性大猩猩，走了过来，抱起了这个失去知觉的男孩，把他搂在怀中。然后她走过去，把男孩轻轻地放在管理员出入的门口。报纸大幅标题赫然标着：“大猩猩救男孩”，这件事打动了全国人的心。Most reports suggested that Binti rescued the boy because she felt empathy for him. Although there is no ambiguity about what the gorilla did, there are a lot of questions about why. Did she realize the boy was unconscious? Was she concerned about his well-being? Would she have acted in the same way toward a conscious boy, a cat, a teddy bear, or a bag of potato chips?大多数报道认为，宾蒂救那个男孩，是因为她对他的处境进行了换位思考。尽管大猩猩做的事情确凿无疑，她为什么要这样做，还有许多疑问。她是不是意识到孩子不省人事？她是不是关心他的安危？对一个有知觉的男孩，一只猫，一个玩具熊，或者一袋土豆片，她也会这样做吗？Despite what the headlines implied about Bintis moral fiber, the answer is by no means clear. Studies by developmental psychologists Susan Carey and Frank Keil, for example, have shown that children dont fully grasp the distinction between a dead being and a live one until they are almost 10 years old. And to date, no study of ape intelligence comes close to showing that orangutans, gorillas, or chimpanzees have the mental sophistication of a 10-year-old human. We can only guess why Binti did what she did. And one incident is not en