社会文化因素对翻译实践的影响.docVIP

摘要 PAGE 1 Abstract PAGE i THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON THE TRASLATION PRACTICES Abstract This dissertation discusses the interference of social-cultural factors with the process of translation. The traditional study of translation has mainly been approached from the perspective of comparative literature. At this stage, translation is regarded as a kind of linguistic transcending. However, due to its self-imposed limitations, it is unable to account for the complexities of translation, especially literary translation. Starting from the 1970s, translation studies have gradually taken a cultural turn, and a new paradigm for the study of translation has been established. According to Bassnett (Liao Qiyi, 2001: 358), the purpose of the translation theory is to enable people to understand the process of translation, not to produce perfect translations. The polysystem theory as outlined by Itamar Even-Zohar and Gideon Toury has considerably widened the horizon of translation studies and is particularly helpful for the analysis of the influence of extra-literary factors on the poetic decisions of the translator. For one thing, translation is evaluated in the contexts of both culture and history. For another, all disciplines and phenomena relating to translation have become objects of study. Key words: Society; Culture; Translation; Influence 摘要 PAGE II 社会文化因素对翻译实践的影响 摘 要 本文的研究主题是从翻译现象看社会文化因素对翻译的干扰及其这种现象带给我们对传统翻译理论的思考。 传统的翻译研究把原文放在至高无上的位置，注重的是译文与原文的对等，这样就把原文当作了衡量译文质量的唯一标准。翻译被当作是两种语言之间的转换，所谓的翻译理论也仅仅局限于一些对译文的技巧分析及对译文优劣的衡量。然而，由于语言学自身的局限，它无法解释复杂的翻译尤其是文学翻译现象。自二十世纪七十年代以来，翻译研究领域逐渐出现了“文化转向”，对翻译的研究被置于更广泛的文化视域中。正如苏珊·巴斯内特所说，翻译理论的目的是使人们理解翻译的过程，而不是制定一套方法，产生完美的译文(廖七一，2001：358)。 埃文·佐哈尔的“多元系统”理论以及它的延展理论大大拓宽了翻译研究的领域，为我们研究社会文化等外部因素对译者翻译抉择过程的影响提供了有力的理论依据，也构成了本文的理论基础。一方面，翻译被放置在了宏观的历史和文化的视域中加以考察；另一方面，所有与翻译有关的现象都成了我们研究与考察的对象。正是在这一理论的启发下，本文将主要从清末民初的翻译现象考察社会文化因素对翻译的影响。 本文研究的具体范围是1896年至1919年期间译介到中国的各种文学作品。选择这一范围是由于我国历史上的翻译高潮之一出现在这一时期，然而这一时期的翻译由于与原文有很大的出入而经常被认为是没有价值的。的确，这一时期的大部分翻译都不忠实于