园林树木的生态习性文档资料.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Ecological habit ;①Phylogeny系统发育of species means all the process of this species from speciation to disappear on earth.指树木从地球出现到消灭的整个过程。 ;②Ontogeny个体发育describes the origin and the development of a tree from the germination of seed, growth, flowering, fruit growth to its mature form.一个树木从种子发芽、生长、开花、结实到死亡的整个过程。 ③Growth and development of a year 年生长期 describes the rule of dormancy，germination, flowering, fruit growth and defoliation of a tree during a year.树木在一年中休眠、发芽、开花、结果、落叶的发育规律。 ; 生态学习性是指园林树木与其生长环境之间的关系。 所谓园林树木的环境条件，主要是指气候因子（温度、 水分、光照、空气）、土壤因子、地形地势、生物及人 类活动等因子。在园林工作中，必须充分了解环境因子 与植物之间的关系，才能运用这些规律来控制、改造植 物，使之更好地为园林绿化事业服务。 ; Definition - Ecological habit is study of the interaction between landscape trees and their environment, environment composed of abiotic and biotic factors Abiotic component - soil, altitude, climate (Temperature, humidity, wind, etc.), latitude, other. Biotic component - predators, prey, parasites, competitors, and others.;1 Temperature温度因子; Different species have different heredity, so the scope of their vital activities, the limits of maximum and minimum temperatures which the plants are able to endure are different.这些现象的发生是因为各种园林树木的遗传性不同，其生命活动的范围及所能忍受的最高、最低温度极限不同，以及温度变化与树木本身生长发育的状况时期等不相适应而引起。; Gardeners must understand the relationships between environmental factors and plants, then they can correctly selecting and applying plants for gardening. ; The tree native to the tropical dry areas ----can endure higher temperature, and the temperature of life activity is not higher than 50--60℃； The tree native to temperate zone ----will reduce their life activity at around 35℃ and will be damaged at around 50℃. Minimum temperature of life activity is around 1℃，some tree will be damage from cold above 0℃. However some small trees can flower in a world of snow and ice. ; 树木原产于热带干燥地区者较耐高温，生命活动的高不超过50--60℃；原产于温带的树木则常在35℃左右的气温下，其生命活动就减退或发生不正常的现象，而在50℃左右就常受到伤害了。 生命活动的最低温度大抵在1℃左右，但有的在0℃以上较低温度下即可受害。而原产北方的树木，如一些杜鹃花