基于主蒸汽流量的汽轮机组滑压优化方法研究-动力机械及工程专业论文.docxVIP

哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 - - I - 摘 要 随着我国电力需求的不断增加，电力工业得到迅速的发展，大容量机组替代 小容量机组不断增加，机组经常面临调峰运行，时常在 55%～90%负荷之间作大 幅度的变工况运行。为提高机组的经济性，现今机组普遍采取滑压的运行方式， 但是目前机组普遍采取的滑压运行曲线是以负荷作为自变量、在某一特定的供热 抽汽量和背压下确定的。这样在供热抽汽量和背压发生改变时，原滑压曲线不准 确，影响机组的经济性。 针对目前火电发电机组滑压曲线不准确的问题，本论文提出并详细论述了一 种基于主蒸汽流量的滑压曲线确定方法，它优点在于： 1) 应用该方法得到的滑压曲线适用于供热抽汽量和背压发生变化的不同工 况，真正地实现一条滑压运行曲线即可满足不同工况的运行需求。 2) 滑压曲线的确定方法简单易行。 3) 滑压曲线易于在 DCS 中改造实施。 本论文首先分析了目前机组在滑压运行时存在的问题，由此提出了基于主蒸 汽流量的滑压曲线确定方法。然后以整个热力过程和热耗率计算两个角度详细地 理论分析本方法的正确性。在此理论基础上设计了如何实施现场改造的实验方案， 进而应用该实验方案对哈热电厂#7 机组进行滑压优化实验，计算得到基于本论文 方法并适用于该机组的滑压运行曲线。最后通过比较改造前后的机组的经济性， 充分验证该方法的创新性、正确性和优越性。 关键词：汽轮机；滑压曲线；主蒸汽流量；最优主蒸汽压力；热耗率 - - II - Abstract With the rapid development of power industry, large capacity and high parameters turbine unit increasing, the unit often face a peaking run problem, and often work in the condition of large load change, which is between 55% to 90%. In order to improve the economy of the unit, the unit generally works in the way of sliding pressure operation, but the sliding pressure operation curve which is used nowadays is generally use unit load as the independent variables and determined by a particular heating extraction and backpressure. So when the heating steam extraction capacity and back pressure is changed, the original sliding pressure curve is not accurate, and effect the economy of the unit. Against thermal power generating sets of sliding pressure curve is not accurate, this thesis presents and discusses in the method for determining a sliding pressure curve in the detail which is based on the main steam flow. The advantage of this new method is as: The sliding pressure curve which is get by this new method applies to the different conditions which is changed by heating steam extraction capacity and backpressure, which satisfy the requirements of the different working conditions as a single sliding pressure operation curve. The method which determines the sliding pressure curve t is simple. This sliding pressure curve is ea