Education-East-vs.-West中西方教育对比.pptVIP

EDUCATION: CHINA VS. AMERICA The official Institutions (官学）：originated during the western Zhou Dynasty, sponsored by the official constitution, only for the children of the nobles. The Private School(私学）：result of the contention of hundreds of schools of philosophy, run by the local scholars, highly developed in the Song Dynasty. The Civil Service Examination System (keju 科舉) , The “Fifth Invention” Honour Roll Zhuangyuan 状元 bangyan 榜眼 tanhua 探花 The National Three Hall System, 1102-1121 Six Arts(六艺) ritual; music; archery; driving; calligraphy and mathematics 礼（礼节）、乐（音乐）、射（射箭） 御（驾车）、书（识字）、数（算数） Multiple sources Confucian ideals “To learn, and then have occasion to practice what you have learned – is this not satisfying?”學而時習之，不亦樂乎？ “In education there should be no class distinctions.”有教無類。 “Having in the morning heard the Way, one could die that evening without regret!”朝聞道，夕死可矣！ Abolishment of Examinations, 1905 Impacts on the countryside May Fourth Movement, 1919 Chinese Communist Revolution Socialist education Reorganization of higher education, 1952 Soviet curriculum Establishment of technological schools Cancellation of social science departments Recent development Rapid growth State controlled institutions Western influences Practical concerns 北京医学院 北京航空学院 北京钢铁学院 北京地质学院 北京石油学院 北京矿业学院 北京农业机械化学院 北京林学院 Soviet institutions Ivan Andreyevich Kairov 凯洛夫 (1893-1978) Soviet educator Principles: party spirit, state-oriented Moral education: Communist world view, nationalism Pedagogy Centered on the classroom Teacher-centered Standardized curriculum Fixed conclusions and answers Emphasizing sciences and technologies Organizational methods Class adviser (banzhuren 班主任) Class committee (banweihui 班委会) United States Colonial period Boston Latin School, 1635 (High school) Harvard, 1636; William and Mary College, 1693; Yale, 1701;