说明总的因果关系Writing—StructuredWritingSample25.PPTVIP

Cause and effect pattern is concerned with why things happen (causes) and what happens as a result (effects). Cause and effect is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas. Structured Writing Writing—Structured Writing The Cause and Effect Pattern Cause/effect paragraphs generally follow basic paragraph format. That is, they begin with a topic sentence which is followed by specific supporting details. For example, if the topic sentence introduces an effect, the supporting sentences all describe causes. Sample Writing—Structured Writing In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earths population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this. (Cause) First, the increasing industrialization of the 19th century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. (Cause) Second, as the cities grew, people established places of leisure, entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and museums. For many people, these facilities made city life appear more interesting than life on the farm, and therefore drew them away from rural communities. Effect Writing—Structured Writing Sample Some situations are more complicated. One effect may be the cause of another effect. Thus, a paragraph will show a chain reaction in a cause and effect pattern. 一些因果段落中包含一系列因果关系而形成连锁式因果关系，即：某种原因引起了某种结果，而这个结果又是另一个结果的起因，以此发展。连锁式因果关系的发展部分要支持主题句与发展句之间包含的总的因果关系。 Sample Writing—Structured Writing The change of price will lead to the change of demand. As the price of everything from toothpaste to tuition increases, workers demand higher wages to keep up with rising costs. This can produce further increases in prices or a decreased demand for manufactured goods, or both. Since production tries to keep pace with demand, decreased demand is followed by decreased production. This in turn, can lead to layoffs and unemployment, which furthe