情态动词语法讲解.pptxVIP

Grammar： Modal verbs 情态动词;情态动词（modal verbs)： 表示说话人的语气或情态，如请求、命令、愿望、能力以及可能性等。英语的情态动词有：; can/could may/might must shall/should will/would need have to;;一、情态意义表示法;现在“能力”：can, be able to As I have got enough money, I can/am able to help her. Can: 某桩具体事情：eg.I can climb this cliff. 泛指一般的“能力”： He can drive a car. She can’t play the piano. ;;过去“能力”: could, was/were able to 肯定句： Could：一般能力 She could play the piano when she was only six. was/were able to(及managed to)：具体事件 He was able to translate the article without a dictionary. ; I talked a long time, and in the end managed to make her believe me. 在否定句中，could既可以表示过去一般能力，也可表示过去某具体事情的能力. I couldn’t/wasn’t able to play the piano when I was at school.;b)表示“可能”，可用may, might, can, could may/might： 既可以表示现在的可能，也可表示将来的可能，might在口气上比may更委婉 现在：It may/might be true. 将来：He may/might leave tomorrow. 2.在疑问句中，用can，不用may。 Can they have missed the bus? Yes, they may have.;may not重音落在助动词上，表示“不可能”，重音落在否定词上，表示“不许可” , 比较： He may not go tomorrow. He may not go tomorrow. 所以在书面语中，表示“不可能”常用can’t;can/could表示现在的可能，口气上could比较委婉 That’s not mine. Whose can it be? It could be John’s. can常用于否定句和疑问句，而could不受此限。 If you don’t have a guide, you could lose your way. It can’t/couldn’t be true. Can/could the news be true? ;在肯定陈述句中，may与can的比较： Can指逻辑上的可能性，may指事实上的可能性 The road can be blocked.(按逻辑可能会堵，) The road may be blocked.(可能现在正堵着，事实上) Mr Reed is in poor health. He can be ill at any time. Mr Reed looks pale. He may be ill.;;2表示“许可”和“不许” a)请求对方“许可”可用can, could, may, might. may/might较正式，could/might较委婉 表示给予“许可”通常用can/may,而不用could/might Could I use your phone? Yes, of course you can. Might I trouble you for a light? You may indeed. ;b)表示“不许”可用may not或者cannot Can I go out for a moment? No, you can’t. May I use your car for a few days? No, you may not. may not也可表示根据一般规定的“不许可”，而不是说话人不许可 Borrowers may not take out of the library more than two books at a time. may not表示“不许可”的过去式不是might not He may not go.(=I don’t permit