非监督学习和监督学习.pdf

监督学习和非监督学习 Supervise Learning and Unsupervised Learning 北京航空航天大学计算机学院 黄迪 内容和大纲 • 什么是机器学习? • 机器学习模型 • 训练和测试 • 评价标准 • 机器学习算法 • 算法流程 • 机器学习目标 • 相关应用 什么是机器学习? • Arthur Samuel (1901–1990 ) Machine Learning: Field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed (1959). Arthur, Samuel (1959-03-03). Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers (PDF). IBM Journal 3 (3): 210–229. 什么是机器学习? • Tom Mitchell (1951-) Well-posed Learning Problem: A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some task T and some performance measure P, if its performance on T, as measured by P, improves with experience E (1998). He is an American computer scientist and E. Fredkin University Professor at the Carnegie Mellon University, and he is currently the Chair of Machine Learning Department at CMU. 什么是机器学习? Suppose your email program watches which emails you do or do not mark as spam, and based on that learns how to better filter spam. What is the task T in this setting? • Classifying emails as spam or not spam. • Watching you label emails as spam or not spam. • The number (or fraction) of emails correctly classified as spam/not spam. • None of the above—this is not a machine learning problem. 机器学习模型 Testing Input Learning Samples Method System Training 机器学习模型 •Training Training Training Labels Images Image Classifier Trai