NEW INSECTICDESamp;HONEY BEE COLONY ...课件.ppt

Causes of CCD? Infectious diseases fungal – only one genus of fungi is problematic to adult honey bees – Nosema N. ceranae was discovered in CCD studies N. ceranae (Asia) seems to have displaced our old N. apis (Europe), completely N. ceranae also was detected in decade old U.S. bee samples not likely the cause of CCD 精品文档 Causes of CCD? Pesticides Generally, only some insecticides and acaricides are toxic to honey bees Three carboxamide fungicides were toxic to honey bee brood in UC Davis studies captan iprodione (Rovral, Chipco 26019) boscalid (Endura, Pristine, Pageant) excellent activity on brown rot blossom blight there are no bee toxicity warnings on the labels 精品文档 Causes of CCD? Pesticides Active Ingredient Toxicity: The inherent capacity of the chemical to harm an individual bee in a standard exposure test. i.e. oral or contact LD50 Product Hazard: Potential for the formulated material to harm individual bees or colonies when used as directed by the label. Sublethal Effect: Dose insufficient to cause death but the treatment has a measurable adverse consequence on survival 精品文档 DuPont Crop Protection NEW INSECTICDESHONEY BEE COLONY COLLAPSEBob Bruss Inspector Meeting October 27 – 29, 2008 NCDA CS Steve Troxler - Commissioner 精品文档 Insecticide MOA 1o Sites Nervous System Energy Production Muscle Contraction Endocrine System Chitin Production Gut Toxin Lipid Biosynthesis Water Balance 精品文档 Nervous System 精品文档 Nervous System 精品文档 Nervous System 精品文档 Nervous System 精品文档 ACh Excitatory Neuron Motor Neuron Muscle GABA Glut AChE Na+/K+ channels M M Mitochondria Insect Neuromuscular Signaling Pathway Cl- channels Cl- channels Na+/K+ channels Ca+ stores ACh 精品文档 Nervous System Pyrethrins / Pyrethroids / DDT Analogues inhibits closing of Na+ channels pyrethrin I II / permethrin, cyfluthrin DDT, DDE, methoxychlor Oxadiazines (indoxacarb) blocks Na+ channels Phenyl pyrazoles (fipronil) / Cyclodienes blocks GABA mediated Cl- ch