毕业设计 数字式转速测量系统 电动机测速及显示.doc

PAGE PAGE 30 摘 要 在工程实践中,经常会遇到各种需要测量转速的场合，例如在发动机、电动机、卷扬机、机床主轴等旋转设备的试验、运转和控制中，常需要分时或连续测量和显示其转速及瞬时转速。要测速，首先要解决是采样问题。在使用模技术制作测速表时，常用测速发电机的方法，即将测速发电机的转轴与待测轴相连，测速发电机的电压高低反映了转速的高低。为了能精确地测量转速外,还要保证测量的实时性,要求能测得瞬时转速方法。因此转速的测试具有重要的意义。 关键词：电动机 单片机 传感器 目录 1 概述·····························································3 本课题设计的目的和意义··········································3 数字式转速测量系统的发展背景····································3 2 单片机··························································4 2.1 单片机AT89C51介绍··············································4 3 系统方案提出和论证（传感器的选择）··························8 3.1 方案一 霍尔传感器测量方案······································8 3.2 方案二 光电传感器···············································9 4 转速测量系统的原理···········································11 4.1 转速测量方法···················································11 4.2 转速测量原理···················································12 5 系统硬件设计··················································14 5.1 转速信号采集···················································14 5.2 转速信号处理电路设计···········································16 5.3 最小系统的设计·················································18 5.3.1 复位电路（图4.8）·············································18 5.3.2 晶振电路·····················································21 5.3.3 最小系统的仿真···············································22 6 显示部分设计··················································23 7 系统软件设计··················································26 7.1 主程序初始化···················································26 7.2 主程序流程图程序流程图·········································27 总结·······························································29 致谢······························································30 参考文献···························································31 1.概述 1.1 本设计课题的目的和意义 在工程实践中,经常会遇到各种需要测量转速的场合, 例如在发动机、电动机、卷扬机、机床主轴等旋转设备的试验、运转和控制中,常需要分时或连续测量和显示其转速及瞬时转速。要测速，首先要解决是采样问题。在使用模技术制作测速表时，常用测速发电机的方法，即将测速发电机的转轴与待测轴相连，测速发电机的电压高低反映了转速的高低。为了能精确地测量转速外,还要保证测量的实时性,要