基于单片机的智能水表.docVIP

太原理工大学阳泉学院毕业设计（论文） 第 PAGE I页 摘 要 长期以来，自来水用户的用水量管理依靠人工抄表，由收费员到各家收费或各用户去银行交费。这种传统的收取水费的做法需要的工作人员多，费时、费力、效率低，且常常出现用户欠费、迟缴或漏缴水费等问题，这对自来水公司和用户都带来很多的不方便与矛盾。 为从根本上解决上述种种问题，课题要求设计一个能够实现自动执行供停水、自动保护、适时报警和显示基本信息等功能的IC卡智能水表系统。系统包括以下几个功能模块：供电电源、流量传感器、IC卡读/写器、LCD显示模块，主控芯片选用单片机AT89C51。 文章首先根据智能水表的功能要求，对主控芯片（单片机）的选用及其内部结构、工作原理等相关知识进行了简要的介绍；接着给出了基于AT89C51单片机的IC卡智能水表系统总体设计方案和各功能模块的电路设计；最后详细阐述了接触式IC卡智能水表的IC卡选用，读卡器（IC卡数据记录、读取原理、功能实现过程）和LCD显示模块的软、硬件设计，并对系统的低功耗、可靠性与抗干扰性设计做出了相应的分析。系统采用AT24C01 IC卡实现数据记录、资料保存，并由LCD1602显示累计用水量、本月用水量及可用水量等相关信息。 智能水表作为一种顺应自来水行业发展需要的产品，它的出现极大的改善了传统管理模式下存在的抄表难、收费难等问题，改变了现有的用水机制，增强了人们的节水意识，实现了供水管理部门高效管理自动化。 关键词： 智能IC卡 ；读卡器；AT89C51；LCD Abstract For a long time, the administration of the tap water scalar for the users has been relied on the copy of the water meter. With this methord the toll collectors should drop in for the charge or the users consign to the bank themselves. This traditional methord of the tap water charge need a lot of workers. What’s more, the efficiency of this way is very low and it often engenders arrearage and evasion of the charge, which causes incovenience and conflict to both the users and the waterworks. To solve the problems listed above, this thesis is to design an intelligent IC card water meter system which can autonatically supply and cut off the water and protect the system, give an alarm timingly and show the basic information. The system concludes the following functional modules: power supply, flux sensor、IC card reader、LCD show module，and the microcontroller AT89C51 as its master CMOS chip。 Based on the functional demand of the intelligent water meter, this thesis first brief introduced the selection of the master CMOS chip and the relative basic knowledge about its inner configuration and the function principle. Then the thesis offered the general design project for the intelligent IC card water meter system which is based on the microcontroller AT89C51. Finally, this paper expatiated on the selection cour