无线传感器网络集中式平衡分簇路由协议.pdfVIP

摘要 无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN) 由能够进行传感监测和数据 处理并拥有短距离无线通信功能的传感器节点组成，在科研、军事以及商业应用 等方面有广泛的应用前景。 路由协议对无线传感器网络的性能有重要影响。由于传感器节点能量有限， 无线传感器网络路由协议需要节省并平衡各节点的能耗，但许多现有的协议无法 完全兼顾这两点。针对节点随机分布的用于环境监测的无线传感器网络，本文提 出了集中式平衡分簇路由协议，结合了根据簇头分簇和根据地理位置分簇两种分 簇方式，在实现节点能耗平衡的同时保持网络总能耗最小。协议首先根据网络情 况确定分簇数，并对按照六边形分簇的结果进行调整，使每簇节点平衡。然后， 在每簇中根据节点能量和分布选择簇头，按照差分进化的方法，根据簇头调整分 簇，得到能耗最小的分簇结果。最后，分配合适的时隙，利用能耗管理节省节点 能量。仿真结果显示协议能够平衡节点能耗，并有效延长网络的生存时间和吞吐 量，比LEACH 协议和DE_LEACH 协议生存时间分别延长了57%和 17%，接收 的数据包数分别提高了50%和29% 。 关键词： 无线传感器网络 路由协议 随机分布 六边形 平衡分簇 Abstract Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensors which have the function of sensing and processing data and short-distance wireless communication, and has broad application prospects in the field research, military and commercial applications. Routing protocol plays a role of great importance for the performance of a wireless sensor network. As energy of sensor nodes is limited, routing protocol should reduce and balance energy consumption of sensor nodes, but many existing protocols cannot taking these two points both into account. A centralized balance clustering (CBC) routing protocol is proposed for wireless sensor network for environmental monitoring with random distribution nodes, which combines clustering base on cluster head and clustering base on location, balancing node energy consumption and maintaining a minimum energy consumption of whole network. First, the algorithm determines the cluster number according to condition of the network, and adjusts the hexagonal clustering results to balance the nodes number of each cluster. Second, it selects cluster heads in each cluster base on the energy and distribution of nodes, opti