ThomasGray解读.ppt

Sentimentalism (感伤主义) One of the significant and popular trends in English literature in the second half of the 18th century. Sentimentalism means overindulgence in one’s emotion for the sake of his overwhelming discontent towards the social reality, and pessimistic belief and emphasis upon the virtue of man. Historical Background Continuous, large-scale enclosures of land caused the bankruptcy of the rural economy as well as the mounting poverty and misery of the exploited and unemployed labouring masses in the cities, which naturally led to skepticism and disbelief in the myth about the bourgeois society as the best of all possible worlds. The Walpole government was so corrupt that the Prime Minister was fiercely attacked by many literary men at that time. All these made it increasingly difficult for the enlighteners to justify what Pope said “whatever is, is right.” Intellectual Background The enlighteners believed in reason, but now they found that the power of reason was insufficient, and that despite all reasoning, social injustice still held strong. They then appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice, because the philosophy of the enlighteners, though rational and materialistic in its essence, did not exclude senses, or sentiments, as a means of perception and learning. With some writers the excess of sentiment served as a kind of mild but unmistakable protest against the social injustices. Hence sentimentalism in literature. Sentimentalism Leslie Stephen: Sentimentalism could be defined to be indulgence in emotion for its own sake. The sentimentalist does not weep because painful thoughts are forced upon him but because he finds weeping pleasant in itself. He appreciates the luxury of grief…but the general sense that something is not in order in the general state of things, without as yet any definite aim for the vague discontent was shared by the true sentimentalist.” Sentimentalist Literature Poetry: Edwar