曼昆《经济学原理第三版》宏观分册原版中英文双语课件Chap5.ppt

* * * * * * * * * 1 * * * * * * * * * * * CASE STUDY: The Productivity Slowdown and Speedup From 1959 to 1973 productivity grew at a rate of 3.2 percent per year. From 1973 to 1995 productivity grew by only 1.5 percent per year. Productivity accelerated again in 1995, growing by 2.6 percent per year on average during the next six years. 案例研究:生产率增长放慢与加快 从 1959 年到 1973 年，生产率每年增长3.2％。 从1973到 1995年，生产率每年增长只有1.5％。 从1995年开始，生产率增长又加快了，在随后的6年里平均每年增长2.6％。 CASE STUDY: The Productivity Slowdown and Speedup The causes of the changes in productivity growth are elusive. The slowdown cannot be traced to the factors of production that are most easily measured. Many economists attribute the slowdown and speedup in economic growth to changes in technology and the creation of new ideas. 案例研究:生产率增长放慢与加快 生产率增长变化的原因是捉摸不定的。 这种生产率放慢不能追溯到那些最容易衡量的生产要素。 许多经济学家把经济增长快慢归因于技术变革和新思想的创造。 Figure 2 The Growth in Real GDP Per Person Growth Rate (percent per year) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 1 8 7 0 – 1890 1 8 9 0 – 1910 1 9 1 0 – 1930 1 9 3 0 – 1950 1 9 5 0 – 1970 1 9 7 0 – 1990 1 9 9 0 – 2000 0 增长率（每年百分比） Population Growth 人口增长 Economists and other social scientists have long debated how population growth affects a society。 长期以来，经济学家和其他社会学家一直争论人口增长如何影响一个社会。 Population Growth Population growth interacts with other factors of production: Stretching natural resources Diluting the capital stock Promoting technological progress 人口增长 人口增长与其他生产要素相互作用: 使自然资源量更加紧张 稀释了资本存量 促进了技术进步 Summary Economic prosperity, as measured by real GDP per person, varies substantially around the world. The average income of the world’s richest countries is more than ten times that in the world’s poorest countries. The standard of living in an economy depends on the economy’s ability to produce goods and services. 小结 按人均GDP衡量的经济繁荣在世界各国差别很大。 世界最富裕国家的平均收入是世界最贫穷国家的10倍以上。 一国经济的生活水平取决于该经济生产物品与劳务的能力。 Summary Productivity depends on the amounts of physical capital, human capital, natural resources, and technological knowledge ava