曼昆《经济学原理第三版》宏观分册原版中英文双语课件Chap6.pptVIP

Should fiscal policymakers reduce the government debt? 财政决策者应该减少政府债务吗？ Pro: The government should balance its budget Budget deficits impose an unjustifiable burden on future generations by raising their taxes and lowering their incomes. When the debts and accumulated interest come due, future taxpayers will face a difficult choice: They can pay higher taxes, enjoy less government spending, or both. 赞成：决策者应该减少政府债务 预算赤字通过增加子孙后代的税收并减少他们的收入而把不合理的负担加在他们身上。 当这些债务和累积的利息到期时，未来的纳税人就将面临一个困难的选择： 他们要纳更高的税，享有较少的政府支出，或者二者都有。 Pro: The government should balance its budget By shifting the cost of current government benefits to future generations, there is a bias against future taxpayers. Deficits reduce national saving, leading to a smaller stock of capital, which reduces productivity and growth. 赞成：决策者应该减少政府债务 把现任政府所获利益的成本转嫁给子孙后代，这是对未来纳税人的歧视。 赤字减少了国民储蓄，引起一定时期内资本存量减少，从而降低了生产率和增长。 Con: The government should not balance its budget The problem with the deficit is often exaggerated. The transfer of debt to the future may be justified because some government purchases produce benefits well into the future. 反对：决策者不应该减少政府债务 预算赤字的问题往往被夸大了。 将债务传给子孙后代也许是正当的，因为一些政府购买会给子孙后代带来很好的利益。 Con: The government should not balance its budget反对：决策者不应该减少政府债务 The government debt can continue to rise because population growth and technological progress increase the nation’s ability to pay the interest on the debt. 政府债务可以继续增加，因为人口增长和技术进步增强了国家偿付债务利息的能力。 Should the tax laws be reformed to encourage saving? 应该为了鼓励储蓄而修改税法吗？ Pro: Tax laws should be reformed to encourage saving A nation’s saving rate is a key determinant of its long-run economic prosperity. A nation’s productive capability is determined largely by how much it saves and invests for the future. When the saving rate is higher, more resources are available for investment in new plant and equipment. 赞成：应该为了鼓励储蓄而修改税法 一国的储蓄率是其长期经济繁荣的关键决定因素。 一个国家的生产能力主要取决于它为将来储蓄和投资了多少。 当储蓄率较高时，更多的资源用于新工厂和设备的投资。 Pro: Tax laws should be reformed to encourage s