电厂烟气中二氧化碳的捕集技术.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 电厂烟气中二氧化碳的捕集技术 摘要：作为主要的温室气体，CO2减排问题引起全球范围的广泛关注。电厂是最大最集中的CO2排放源，进行电厂脱碳是减少CO2进入大气的一个重要切入点。通过对CO2捕集技术及应用途径研究可知，CO2捕集技术路线可分为燃烧前脱碳、燃烧后脱碳、富氧燃烧以及化学链燃烧技术等；传统CO2捕集技术主要有吸收法、吸附法、低温蒸馏法和膜分离法等。通过传统的MEA法和ECO2技术原理以及费用的分析比较，发现ECO2技术费用低，脱除效率高，ECO2技术比MEA法更适于回收CO2，具有广泛的应用前景。 关键词: 二氧化碳，温室效应，捕集，吸收法，ECO2技术 Capture Technology of Carbon Dioxide in Flue Gases from Power Plant Shuangchen Ma Yunxue Sun Jingxiang Ma Min Su Xin Jin School of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003 Abstract: As CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas, reducing its emission becomes an attentive problem in the whole world. It can be discovered that power plant is the most greatly and centralized CO2 emission source, and carrying on the power plant decarbonisation is an important breakthrough to reduce CO2 to enter atmosphere. In the view of research on CO2 capture technology and application routes, it can be found that there are four CO2 capture routes: pre-combustion decarbonisation, post-combustion decarbonisation, oxyfuel combustion and chemical looping combustion, and absorption, adsorption, low-temperature distillation and membrane separation are mainly traditional technologies for CO2 capture. Through analyzing and comparing the principles of traditional MEA and ECO2 technologies as well as their expenses, it can be discovered that ECO2 technology is more suitable to recycle CO2 as its low cost and high efficiency and it has widespread application prospect. Keywords: carbon dioxide, greenhouse effort, capture, absorption process, ECO2 technology 1 引言 近年来,越来越多的学者认为全球气候变暖和海平面上升是由CO2为主导因子的温室效应引发的[1-4]。CO2的排放速度正随着人类利用能源速度的增长而迅速地增长，据政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)预测，人类活动产生的CO2将从1997年的271亿t/a增长到2100年的950亿t/a，而大气中CO2的体积分数也将从现有的360×10-6增长到2050年的720×10-6 [5]。 21世纪，化石燃料将继续主导热力和电力生产，燃烧化石燃料所导致的空气污染和温室效应严重地威胁着人类赖以生存的地球环境。全球气候变暖和温室效应是各国可持续发展面临的共同挑战，解决方法是寻求成本低且有效的方案来减少CO2的排放[6]。除了节约能源、利用清洁能源和清洁燃烧技术外，重要途径是CO2的捕集和埋存。正如英国碳捕集埋存联盟的发起人和主管、伦敦帝国理工学院能源技术及可持续发展研究组JonGib