苏州大学医学部儿科临床医学院儿科学 Lesson5.pdfVIP

The Digestive System Disease Department of Pediatrics Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital Key points ◎The common symptoms of gastrointestinal disease in childhood, its pathogenesis （发病机制）and management ◎The presentation of common infections of the gastrointestinal tract ◎Assessment for dehydration （脱水）in a child with diarrhoea and how to carry out rehydration （纠正脱水） ◎Chronic gastrointestinal disorders that can lead to malabsorption （吸收不良）and failure to thrive ◎Infections that can affect the liver Aim and Claim 1. Familiar with the normal features and assessment of digestive system 2. Get hold of the examination of digestive system Normal Features and Assessment Mouth: Foodstuffs （食物）broken down by chewing; saliva （唾 液）added as lubricant （润滑剂） Oesophagus: Conduit （通道）between mouth and stomach Stomach: Digestion of proteins; foodstuffs reduced to liquid form; storage; sterilisation （灭菌） Pancreas: Digestive enzymes （消化酶）for digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins Liver: Bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in small intestine Gallbladder: Stores and concentrates bile Small intestine: Final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption Large intestine: Water absorption, bacterial fermentation （发 酵）and formation of faeces Gastrointestinal Function Sequence of Events Ingestion chewing moistening of food swallowing peristalsis acidifying initiation of protein digestion neutralization digestion absorption assimilation fermentation putrification elimination Severe key points 1. Normal function of the gastrointestinal tract 2. Oral feeding 3