复旦大学软件学院计算机系统课件Introduction.pptVIP

* * * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * W 87 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Computer Hardware - Von Neumann Architecture Arithmetic Unit Control Unit Input/Output Unit E.g. Storage Instructions / Program Main Memory Addresses AC IR SR PC * EDVAC * IA-32 * IA-32 * IA-32 * IA-32 * Operating Systems 1960’s IBM OS/360, Honeywell Multics, Fernado Jose Corbató IEEE Computer Pioneer Award, 1982 ACM Turing Award, 1990 * Operating Systems Unix Bell Lab, DEC PDP-7, 1969 Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Doug Mcllroy, Joe Ossana 1970 Brian Kernighan dubbed the system “Unix” Rewritten in C in 1973, announced in 1974 BSD (UC, Berkeley), System V(Bell lab) Solaris (Sun Microsystem) Posix standard Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie ACM Turing Award, 1983 * Linux 1991, Linus Torvalds Unix-like operating systems 386(486)AT, bash(1.08), gcc(1.40) Posix complaint version of Unix operating system Available on a wide array of computers From handheld devices to mainframe computers wristwatch We have seen a bunch of Operating Systems We have seen a bunch of Operating Systems * Utilities Programming language ANSI C Compiler GNU-gcc Tools GNU tool chain * Compilation * GNU Free software Richard Stallman, 1984 A complete Unix-like system with source code An environment All major components of a Unix operating system Except for kernel * The C Programming Language C was developed in 1969 to 1973 by Dennis Ritchie of Bell Laboratories. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ratified the ANSI C standard in 1989. The standard defines the C language and a set of library functions known as the C standard library. * The C Programming Language Kernighan and Ritchie describe ANSI C in their classic book which is known affectionately as “KR” . In Ritchie’s words, C is quirky, flawed, and an enormous success. Why the success? * The C Programming Language C was closely tied with