英文课件 妇科学 Gynecology.pptVIP

Gynecology Menstrual Disorders月经紊乱 Menorrhagia月经过多: Heavy or prolonged bleeding. Metrorrhagia经间期出血: Intermenstrual bleeding, spotting, or breakthrough bleeding. Menometrorrhagia月经频多: Heavy irregular bleeding. Menstrual Disorders Polymenorrhea月经频发: Menstrual interval 21 days. Oligomenorrhea月经过少: Menstrual interval 35 days. Amenorrhea闭经: Absence of menstrual bleeding. Dysmenorrhea 痛经 ? Dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation (menstrual cramps) There are two major types: Primary (spasmodic) dysmenorrhea usually begins with the first period and is heralded by cramping lower abdominal pains starting just before or with the menstrual flow and continuing during menstruation. It is often associated with nausea, vomiting, headache, faintness and symptoms of peripheral vasodilatation. The cause if thought to be related to excessive prostaglandin production. Secondary (congestive) dysmenorrhea usually affects older women who compain of a congested ache with lower abdominal cramps, which usually start from a few days to two weeks before menstruation. Causes include pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosisi, fibroids and the presence of an IUD. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)盆腔炎 ? Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) PID is an acute or chronic condition in which the uterus, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries are infected. The inflammation is the result of infection spreading from an adjacent infected organ (such as the appendix) or ascending from the vagina; it may also result from a blood-borne infection, such as tuberculosis. The main feature is lower abdominal pain that may at times be severe. An acute infection may respond to treatment with antibiotics, but in the chronic state, when pelvic adhesions have developed, surgical removal of the diseased tissue may be necessary. Blocking of the Fallopian tubes is a common result of pelvic inflammatory disease; this can lead to entopic pregnancy or infertility. Endometritis子宫内膜炎 ? Endometritis It is inflammat