安徽三联学院外语学院美国文学课件Chapter 2 Enlightenment and Benjamin Franklin.ppt

Enlightenment and Benjamin Franklin Contents Appreciate Order and Virtues in Autobiography Historical Background Benjamin Franklin and Autobiography (P22-26) Ⅰ. Order and Virtues in Autobiography 1. The precept of Order requiring that every part of my business should have its allotted time, one page in my little book containd the following scheme of employment for the twenty-four hours of a natural day: 按照“秩序”这条美德对我的要求，我从事任何工作都要遵循规定的时间。我的小册子中有一页，记载着一天二十四小时的工作安排： The Morning. Question. What good shall I do this day? 5 6 7 Rise, wash, and address Powerful Goodness! Contrive day’s business and take the resolution of the day; prosecute the present study, and breakfast 起床，梳洗，向全能的主晨祷! 决定白天的工作安排，检查目前的学习。 早餐 问题：今天我做了哪些善事？ 8 9 10 11 work noon 12 1 Read, or overlook my accounts, and dine. 看书，或者查看记录。 午餐 2 3 4 5 work Evening. Question. What good have I done today? 6 7 8 9 Put things in their places. Supper. Music or diversion, or conversation. Examination of the day 无归原处。 晚餐，听音乐，或者娱乐活动，谈话； 检查这一天的行为 Night Sleep ——The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin P99-100 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 2. …I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time occurr’d to me as necessary or desirable, and annexed to each a short precept, which fully express’d the extent I gave to its meaning. 关于道德名目，我列出了下面的十三条。我当时列出这些名目，认为是我想做到也是必须做到的，每条都附有简短的戒律，以充分说明我要表达该名目的意义。 Temperance, Silence, Order, Resolution, Frugality Industry, Sincerity, Justice, Moderation, Cleanliness, Tranquillity, Chastity, Humility These names of virtues, with their precepts, were: (2) Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation. 节言：于人于己不利的话不说，避免琐碎的闲 聊； (3) Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time. 秩序：物件有所归，办事有定时； (4) Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve. 决心：该做的事情一定要做，决心要做的事情一定要做好； (5) Frugality.