面对残忍与恐惧-史珂拉政治思想初探-专门史专业毕业论文.docxVIP

论文摘要在两次世界大战，及其后的冷战年代里，自由主义不再有其新颖的的洞察力、 论文摘要 在两次世界大战，及其后的冷战年代里，自由主义不再有其新颖的的洞察力、 创造性和大胆假设的优点，转而成为一种默默无闻的理论。但是，20世纪后二 十年的剧变后，自由主义者开始创造性地思考一系列新的问题，如和多元主义、 个性等联系在一起的问题。于是，自由主义在后二十年经历了一场很重要的复兴。 在这场复兴中，茱迪斯·史珂拉的政治思想起重要作用。本文即通过对史珂拉的 政治思想初步的探析，试图尽可能清晰地表述其主要观点，并解释其思想的独特 性。因此，本文主要内容就是对下述两点洞见的介绍和解释其独特性，即：恐惧 的自由主义和消极的不正义。 在对史珂拉的一生及其理论贡献和国内外研究现状进行简短介绍后，即进入 本文的主体部分，分为四章。第一章，重点介绍史珂拉政治思想的出发点：寻常 之恶和残忍。第二章，重点介绍“恐惧的自由主义思想及其实质。恐惧的自由 主义，因为将残忍置于首位，所以目标是避免人们受到明显的或潜在的残忍行为， 进而说明它不同于主流自由主义思想有幻觉的一面，而是一种没有幻觉的自由主 义。第三章，则重点论述消极的不正义观点。从《守法主义——-法、道德和政治 审判》到《不正义的多重面孔》，说明史珂拉的研究转向，进而结合后一本书， 说明消极的不正义的危害以及怎样去解决它。第四章，说明史珂拉的政治思想在 自由主义传统中的独特性，并进行评价。 关键词：史珂拉残忍恐惧 自由主义消极的不正义独特的自由主义 V During During much of the world wars and the cold war thereafter,original insight, creativity and theoretical daring were not virtues that one generally associated with liberal theory,liberalism muted its voice instead．However,the great changes in the 1 980s to 1 990s have challenged liberal theorists to think creatively about a host of problems associated with identity,pluralism and others．Then the last twenty years have seen a considerable rcinvigoration of liberal political imagination．And Judith Shklar played a major role in this reinvigoration of liberal political thought．This article as an initiative exploration of her political thoughts，tries to illustrate her main viewpoints as clearly as possible，and explain the originality of her political thoughts． So this article concenlxates on these two inspiring points：liberalism of fear and passive injustice． Afar a brief introduction about Shldar’S life，her contribution to liberal pofitical thoughts and the researches about her political thoughts home and abroad,this article goes on to elaborate on her own political thoughts with four chapters．The first chapter lays its emphasis on the original resoUlCes of her thoughts：ordinary vices， especially cruelty．Chapter II focuses on the main points and Csscncc of liberalism of fear．As it puts cruelty first,its object is to prevent the p